A reply to K. Kilburn, "The Need for Classics" in this issue. Points out that Kilburn is imprecise in notions of categories of thought and his notion of tradition. The assumption that initiation into a category of thought requires a return to sources is challenged. (CHK)

Criticizes traditional reasons for Classics study and states that education is the initiation of a new generation into the skills and knowledge structures of an existing tradition. Aesthetics and philosophy, religion and morals, knowledge of self and others, and mathematics and science may be understood through Classics.

Criticizes John Wilson's "Classics and Moral Education," in this issue, as being ambiguous and vague. The view here is that moral education would not derive automatically from classical studies but must be taught and developed, and based on a value system already present. (CHK)

The study of the Classics may develop three kinds of skills: 1) awareness of the importance of hard facts about a culture; 2) awareness of the facts of human nature; and 3) training the mind to think. Such skills and understanding are an important part of moral education. (CHK)

Advocates the value of Classics study, expecially in conjunction with study of English Renaissance poetry. Such a combination enhances both the classical model and the vernacular work. Poetic form, content, language and prosody are discussed. (CHK)

Translation, viewed as a process of linguistic summation, is considered on the levels of morphology, syntax, phonology, and vocabulary. Random variables which bear on loss/gain ratios are examined in formulae illustrating the relationship of subjectivity and objectivity in the translation process. Implications of theory are illustrated through…

Presents a syllabus, developed by the Exeter University Department of Classics, for a degree course designed to do justice to both the literary and the historical aspects of the ancient world. The course is called "Latin and Ancient History." (Author/KM)

The University of Warwick, England, will attempt to set up classical courses, particularly to unite the study of English Literature and Latin Literature. The article outlines the general syllabus for a three-year course of study. (CHK)

Discusses reforms in curriculum development in classical studies programs in English secondary schools. (RL)

Central to this paper is the belief that the principal value of classical studies is that they are the foundation for a liberal education. The author proposes that the whole of the Graeco-Roman civilization be included in the development of the curriculum while urging interdisciplinary studies wherever possible. Commentary focuses on teaching…

The debate on the merits of classical education is reviewed through an examination of views of Henry Sidgwick in his "Essays on a Liberal Education" (1867). Running commentary focuses on two major concepts: (1) considerable change in teaching methodology is necessary if Latin is to survive, and (2) a majority of teachers in classical studies need…

Described in this article is a critical procedure in the study of literature defined by the author as a method of responsive interrogation of the text. The approach is guided by a study of relevant political, sociological, literary, and intellectual circumstances. Three fundamental questions are central to the discussion of the theory: (1) What…

A theory on the origin of Roman numerals proposes that the principal numbers can be stylized in terms of a square. It is speculated that the abacus or its equivalents, such as the counter or chequer-board, was used to count before the alphabet became common. (SW)