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Lima Becker, Mariana; Chang-Bacon, Chris K.; Oliveira, Gabrielle – International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 2022
This study documents the notion of unilateral translanguaging--the configuration of translanguaging spaces to disproportionately privilege a dominant language or its speakers. We analyze four teachers' translanguaging practices in a Portuguese-English two-way immersion (TWI) program in the United States. Rather than focusing on whether and how…
Descriptors: Portuguese, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Harley, Birgit; And Others – 1987
The Development of Bilingual Proficiency is a large-scale, five-year research project begun in 1981. The final report contains three volumes, each concentrating on specific issues investigated in the research: (1) the nature of language proficiency, including second language lexical proficiency and the development and growth of metaphor…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Classroom Observation Techniques, Classroom Techniques, Elementary Secondary Education