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Applegate, Richard B. – TESOL Quarterly, 1975
Knowledge of a language requires more than mastery of grammar; effective communication includes social and cultural aspects of language use, such as speaking volume and intonation, conventions of politeness, and set social formulas. The language teacher must be aware of these rules to convey them to students. (CHK)
Descriptors: Cultural Awareness, Cultural Differences, Language Role, Language Styles
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Chiu, Rosaline K. – TESOL Quarterly, 1972
Paper presented March 6, 1971, at the TESOL Convention in New Orleans, La. (VM)
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language Fluency, Language Instruction, Language Proficiency
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Nayar, P. Bhaskaran – TESOL Quarterly, 1997
Examines the origin and current meaning of the labels, ESL (English as a Second Language) and EFL (English as a foreign language). Places these acronyms in historical context, evaluates their current credibility, distinguishes three contexts commonly referred to as ESL environments and proposes a new nomenclature that better captures the role of…
Descriptors: Abbreviations, Change Strategies, Concurrent Validity, Context Effect
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Gee, James Paul – TESOL Quarterly, 1988
Considers two aspects of knowing language, besides grammar and vocabulary, that are often understressed: 1) perspective taking (through rhythm and intonation) and 2) manipulation of language variation. This observation is discussed in relation to the contrast between incidental and intentional learning, and an argument is made for an intimate…
Descriptors: Communicative Competence (Languages), Discourse Analysis, English (Second Language), Incidental Learning