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Wimmer, Heinz; Goswami, Usha – Cognition, 1994
Groups of seven- to nine-year olds learning to read in English and German were given three types of reading tasks. Whereas reading time and error rates in numeral and number word reading were very similar across the two orthographies, the German children showed a big advantage in reading the nonsense words, suggesting adoption of different…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, English, Error Patterns, Foreign Countries

Perez, Bertha – Journal of Reading Behavior, 1994
Investigates the Spanish literacy development of 20 low-socioeconomic-status Spanish dominant students learning in whole-language classrooms. Notes that the children used a variety of reading and writing strategies. Finds that students learned about meaning construction through the use of whole language and that meaning construction was associated…
Descriptors: Bilingual Education Programs, Bilingual Students, Elementary Education, Language Research