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Download full textKreck, Carol – Education Commission of the States, 2014
Today, English language learners (ELLs)--students whose primary language is other than English--are the fastest-growing major school population in the United States. Between 2000-01 and 2010-11, the number of these students, whose level of English proficiency is not sufficient to support learning in a regular English language classroom, rose 18…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, English Language Learners, Language Proficiency
Peer reviewedEckert, Eva – Language Problems and Language Planning, 1988
Examines linguistic and social factors reflected in the development of American Czech, spoken by Czech immigrants living in rural Nebraska communities, distinguishing between fully competent, proficient, and imperfect speakers. Despite the undisputed English influence, American Czech shared characteristics with other enclave languages developing…
Descriptors: Czech, Dialect Studies, Discourse Analysis, Immigrants
