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Leung, Janny H. C.; Williams, John N. – Language Learning, 2012
Although there is good evidence for implicit learning of associations between forms, little work has investigated implicit learning of form-meaning connections, and the findings are somewhat contradictory. Two experiments were carried out using a novel reaction time methodology to investigate implicit learning of grammatical form-meaning…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Semantics, Nouns, Grammar
Elston-Guttler, Kerrie E.; Williams, John N. – Second Language Research, 2008
The present study investigates the influence of first language (L1) lexicalization patterns on the processing of second language (L2) words in sentential contexts by advanced German learners of English. The focus was on cases where a polysemous word in the L1 is realized by independent words in the L2, e.g. German "Blase" realized by English…
Descriptors: Sentences, Nouns, Grammar, Translation
Salamoura, Angeliki; Williams, John N. – Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 2007
This paper investigates the shared or independent nature of grammatical gender representations in the bilingual mental lexicon and the role word form similarity (as in the case of cognates) plays in these representations. In a translation task from Greek (L1) to German (L2), nouns that had the same gender in both languages were translated faster…
Descriptors: Nouns, Grammar, Language Processing, German