Purpose: This study aimed to (a) relate temporal patterning of articulation to functional speech outcomes in neurologically healthy and impaired speakers, (b) identify changes in temporal patterning of articulation in neurologically impaired speakers, and (c) evaluate how these changes can be modulated by speaking rate manipulation. Method: Thirteen individuals with (ALS) and 10 neurologically healthy controls read a sentence 3 times, first at their habitual rate and then at a voluntarily slowed rate. Temporal patterning of articulation was assessed by 24 features characterizing the modulation patterns within (intra) and between (inter) four articulators (tongue tip, tongue body, lower lip, and jaw) at three linguistically relevant, hierarchically nested timescales corresponding to stress, syllable, and onset-rime/phoneme. For Aim 1, the features for the habitual rate condition were factorized and correlated with two functional speech outcomes--speech intelligibility and intelligible speaking rate. For Aims 2 and 3, the features were compared between groups and rate conditions, respectively. Results: For Aim 1, the modulation features combined were moderately to strongly correlated with intelligibility (R[superscript 2] = 0.51-0.53) and intelligible speaking rate (R[superscript 2] = 0.63-0.73). For Aim 2, intra-articulator modulation was impaired in ALS, manifested by moderate-to-large decreases in modulation depth at all timescales and cross-timescale phase synchronization. Interarticulator modulation was relatively unaffected. For Aim 3, voluntary rate reduction improved several intra-articulator modulation features identified as being susceptible to the disease effect in individuals with ALS. Conclusions: Disrupted temporal patterning of articulation, presumably reflecting impaired articulatory entrainment to linguistic rhythms, may contribute to functional speech declines in ALS. These impairments tend to be improved through voluntary rate reduction, possibly by reshaping the temporal template of motor plans to better accommodate the disease-related neuromechanical constraints in the articulatory system. These findings shed light on a novel perspective toward global timing-based motor speech assessment and rehabilitation.