Second part of a continuing series on aspects of grammar in second-language learning. (DS)

Beginning part of an article to be continued. (DS)

Paper read at the Second International Congress on the Teaching of Spanish held February 1971 in Madrid, Spain. (DS)

Seven basic sentence constructions are presented as essentials for students progressing from beginning to advanced Japanese: equational existential, active verbal, stative verbal, sentential modifier, subordinate complex, coordinate compound. The constructions should be introduced at beginning levels, and the logical properties they share with…

Weak forms belong to the realm of sentence phonetics. Syntactic and phonetic conditions for the various appearances of weak forms are discussed. Two examples show how much of a role weak forms have played in FL teaching. Comparisons with English are made. (Text is in German.) (IFS/WGA)

Teaching of modal auxiliaries without developing in students an understanding of the concepts and unity underlying their use may undermine the original objective of communication in language. The use of a classification matrix with a set of sample sentences is suggested as an effective method of presentation. (MSE)

Instead of teaching three divisions (when-type clauses, conditional clauses, and wish-clauses), two units may be used (possible situations and contrary-to-fact situations). Suggestions are made for interesting class practice. (MSE)

Drills in German word order were developed by use of random generation of sentences coupled with the Ohio State edit function. Differences between English and German word orders are a cause of interference in the learning of German structural patterns. German word order may be manipulated in some situations and must be in others. Although the…

Sentences in a high school French I textbook were examined to determine the extent to which the writers controlled French syntactic surface structures in terms of their differences with English equivalents. Results show students were exposed to L1-L2 syntactic differences without explanation, and such sentences could cause future difficulties.…

A two-dimensional system used by speakers of Spanish to make imperative utterances is outlined. The system consists of the basic verb forms that make up the nuclei of such utterances and oblique marker usage, which consists for the most part of syntactic modification of base forms. (Author/HP)