The effect of verbal labeling in a serial position short term memory task was investigated. Forty female college students were given 16 trials each. Eight trials involved only central items which had to be recalled. The other eight trials involved both central and incidental items. Half of the subjects verbalized the names of the central items as…

To develop and test a scheme for analyzing adult-child verbal interaction, tape recordings of such interactions were made in 12 homes representing high verbal ability and average verbal ability. Dialogues obtained were coded in nine categories of utterances, and their frequency and patterning were related to the verbal ability of the 12 7 1/2- to…