This paper examines the current problem of black youth unemployment from a theoretical perspective. Traditional sociological and economic theories applicable to the problems of unemployment and occupational and status achievement are initially reviewed along with empirical studies that have examined some of the major propositions of these…

Two elements were identified as being of paramount importance in the examination of manpower policy in Denmark: (1) the division of responsibilities for matters of direct concern to the labor market between different branches of government and the social partners--an important facet of the social framework of a country, and (2) the impact of…

Two methods for aiding workers to realize success in their job search process were investigated in the present study. These approaches involved the use of computerized systems for matching workers and employers for interviews that supposedly were mutually satisfying. The two approaches are identified as first generation and second generation…

The papers contained in this special report were written as background material for a national conference. Following a conference summary, the following papers are included: "Labor Market Intermediaries: An Overview"; "A Reexamination of What is Known about Jobseeking Behavior in the United States"; "The Public Employment…

During 1979, 27 Job Information Centers, manned in the local community on a volunteer basis, served as referral and information points for both applicants and employers and provided outreach services to rural areas. Of the 82,446 applicants seeking services, 54,153 were referred to jobs. Workers were placed in over 2,400 agricultural job openings.…

The Employment Service (ES) was established by the Wagner-Peyser Act of 1933. The act established a nationwide network of state-operated, federally financed employment service offices to match workers to jobs. The following services are performed by the ES: employment counseling, special assistance to target populations, the "work test"…

The book represents an effort to assess the performance, structure, and direction of the Job Bank Program of the Public Employment Service, a program meant to improve the functioning of the labor market information system in the United States. The research had three goals: to assess the relative goal achievement of job banks; to determine its…

This monograph examines the developments which have influenced the United States Employment Service during the 30 years of its history, since the Wagner-Peyser Act of 1933. The major social and economic developments, the enabling legislation, and the issues and problems regarding the proper role of that service are discussed. Some of the…

Reasons for the failure of the Manpower Development and Training Act (MDTA) of 1962 to meet its major objective of alleviating skills shortages are recorded and analyzed. The lack of skills shortages was admitted to be the main reason for the shortcomings in performance, although the term "skills shortage" had yet to be defined and…

Annie E. Casey Jobs Initiative sites recognize the challenge that long-term retention poses in today's labor market for low-income residents. They have developed key elements of an operational definition of retention, including the following: no limitation to one job, but only very limited gaps between jobs; and jobs in construction or other…

A study estimated the aggregate effects of antipoverty policies on wages and unemployment of different groups. The context was one in which emphasis was on labor supply policies, such as welfare reform or job training, and not on policies to increase labor demand for the poor, such as public employment or subsidizing private employers to hire the…

A study examined states' development of automated systems for the Job Opportunities and Basic Skills (JOBS) program administered by the states, with the Administration for Children and Families (ACF) responsible for program oversight and direction. Results indicated that ACF had not provided direction and focus in its systems development guidance…

This report explores how private sector employers are reacting to, responding to, and participating in welfare-to-work (WTW) efforts. Chapter 1 explains the study background and approach. Chapter 2 examines the environment, perspectives, experiences, and role of business in the WTW process and presents findings about employment patterns of welfare…

The purpose of the research described in the report is twofold. First, it is to analyze the relative benefits and costs of on-line computerized placement systems. The techniques developed for such an analysis which might be useful in evaluating other manpower programs are presented. Second, it is to provide a prototype model which shows how…

This issue of an annual journal contains 18 essays on unemployment insurance (UI) and employment and training programs. Part 1, "Historical Perspective," contains the following papers: "Reflections on Wisconsin and Unemployment Insurance" (Wilbur J. Cohen); "Outstanding Ideas Form UI's Foundation" (Richard Wagner); "One State's Experience: 1939"…