Examination of age-specific state-level data from the 1977-1980 reports of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Census Bureau reveals that availability of employment produces strong effects on juvenile arrest rates. Unemployment and low quality of employment (e.g., inadequate pay and hours) is associated with high arrest rates. (Author/BJV)

Economic changes since 1975 have resulted in a vastly different workplace where a college degree is only a "ticket to compete." Competition, productivity, and unemployment, educated and underemployed, unemployment, debt, the labor market, and vocational survival are discussed. (MLW)

The conventional approach to analysis of employment problems in the modern sector, namely comparison of workforce supply and demand, is inapplicable in the traditional sector, where a distinction needs to be made between the concepts of workforce underutilization and its availability. The author discusses these concepts and presents their policy…

The problem of overqualification is related to the educational aspirations in a comparative cross-national study using data collected in opinion surveys in four European countries (Finland, France, Federal Republic of Germany, and Poland) and the United States. (JMF)

Examination of the employment situation of South Africa's recent university graduates finds many are taking jobs of lower status and income than graduates of previous periods, resulting in underemployment. A study of employment levels and labor demand in 812 companies suggests strategic enrollment management could play an important role in…

Underemployment is another indicator of nonmetropolitan labor's disadvantaged circumstances. Yearly employment transitions during 1968 and 1993, show that compared to urban counterparts, adequately employed nonmetro workers were more likely to become underemployed; the nonmetro underemployed were less likely to become adequately employed; and…

Career theorists emphasize the importance of the development of career maturity in adolescents if they are to successfully negotiate the school-to-work transition. Transitions of deaf and hard of hearing adolescents may be especially problematic. The authors examine the implications of current labor market trends for young people, in particular…

Using a wide variety of data on family incomes, taxes, wages, unemployment, wealth, and poverty, this book closely examines the impact of the economy on the living standards of the United States. An executive summary gives an overview of the economic realities that characterize the state of the working nation. Other introductory materials include…

Not only is the official black unemployment rate 2.5 times higher than that of whites, but a significantly greater percentage of the white population is employed compared with blacks (61.6 percent compared with 54.2 percent). Evidence suggests that the real rate of unemployment and underemployment among blacks is 23.5 percent. The situation is…

The specific intent of the study was to find out what college graduates mean when they say their job is related to their major, and to what extent and in what instances the major-job relationship influences job satisfaction. The effect of the relationship on job satisfaction and salary is examined, with separate chapters devoted to career outcomes…

Although many recent reports on the United States educational system urge increased investment in education to prepare students for the jobs of a high-tech future, a more immediate problem is that of the large proportion of the labor force which is currently "overeducated" or "underemployed." (JBM)

After the failures of manpower planning, research shows that investment in primary and general secondary education yields greater returns than investment in more costly vocational/higher education. To be more effective, investment in vocational education should be more influenced by the individual with greater private sector provision.…

Teenage unemployment is a critical manpower problem. Youth most severely affected are minority group members and those with limited education. Many barriers stand in the way of their obtaining steady jobs: lack of training and experience, job movement, child labor laws, minimum wage standards, and competition for jobs from veterans and middle-aged…

The results of two surveys are summarized in this research report. They include: (1) an interview survey of a sample of employers of 100 or more personnel in four of Indiana's Planning and Development Regions, and (2) a questionnaire survey of a sample of companies employing from 50 to 100 personnel. The surveys were conducted in the summer of…

Improving the relationship between academics and employers depends less on what courses students take than on what the work world has to offer. The division of life into youth for education, maturity for work, and older-age for neither must be reexamined so as to better utilize society's human resources. (AF)