Using data from three longitudinal surveys of American high school students, shows that vocational courses helped noncollege-bound students start their work life more successfully. Short- and medium-term payoffs to vocational courses rose substantially between 1972 and 1980 and remained high in 1992. Job-specific skills are valuable. (26…

Data from the Current Population Surveys of October 1984, October 1989, and January 1991 were used to examine the role of computer and mathematical skills in the U.S. labor market from 1984-91. Particular attention was given to their actual and potential effect on the economic status of women. Data confirmed the overall increase in the education…

This study, the third of three undertaken by the School of Business Leadership at the University of South Africa, involves an analysis of wage differentiation and occupational mobility at the microlevel among blacks in a number of South African companies. The report argues that the political, legal, economic and social factors which impinge on…

Sustainable growth has economic policies addressed to current imbalances as its necessary, though not its sufficient, condition. Labor markets are important for the growth process; as the level of economic activity increases, they function better, and as they function better, the level of economic activity increases further. Labor market…

The study deals with two topics: the damand for full-time faculty and their wages. In order to construct an index of demand for full-time faculty, the age distribution had to be estimated. The net mobility by five-year age group for the period 1970 to 1975 was determined, and the net mobility was estimated for the period ending in 1985. Two…

This paper uses panel regressions to investigate the effects of innovation policies and framework factors on business R&D intensity and patenting for a sample of 20 OECD countries over the period 1982- 2001. Both sets of factors are found to matter; the main determinants of innovativeness appear to be the availability of scientists and engineers,…

Measures effects of nonformal training on Peruvian workers' employment and earnings. Workers with limited educational attainment face limited training opportunities. Training significantly improves employment probabilities, but not earnings, of private-sector employed or self-employed women. Training significantly affects male private-sector…

There have been fundamental changes in demand for and supply of teachers in Western Australia in recent years. Influences include increased high school retention, parent preference for private schools, falling teacher salaries, fewer students attracted to teaching careers. Attention to increasing the teacher supply is needed. (MSE)

Despite politicians' claims to the contrary, public schools are not holding back the economy, and most future jobs will require only modest skill growth. Economists attribute today's economic growth not to improved schools, but to greater efficiency, downward price pressure, and experimentation with lower interest rates. (MLH)

Organisations devise training programmers to ensure that employees make an effective contribution to enterprise success. Not all organisations are likely to provide training, however, because there are significant trade-offs involved in terms of both costs and benefits. This article discusses the organisational determinants of training: larger…

A study compared different firms' methods of recognizing and rewarding employee performance and examined the impact of such recognition and reward on such factors as involuntary and voluntary labor turnover and worker productivity. Data from a survey of 3,412 employers that was sponsored by the National Institute of Education and the National…

Using data from 1974 to 1977 National Opinion Research Center Surveys, the investigator examined differentials in income between currently employed white men and women aged 25 to 64 (sample size: 965 men and 672 women). Special attention was given to explanatory effects of occupational characteristics other than those traditionally used in the…

On average, unemployed U.S. citizens remain jobless for much less time than their European counterparts do. The relatively low level of unemployment in the United States is attributable to two factors: a social protection system that offers far less protection than those in Western Europe do and a broad range of job openings. The fact that…

Data from a survey of part-time faculty in higher education indicate that the reward structure for part-timers differs significantly from that of full-time faculty and that the skills of part-timers do not have a statistically significant effect on their salaries. Instead, salaries are influenced largely by institutional policies and market…

Advanced industrial economies face a work crisis in creating wage employment in a changing job market without greatly increased job inequality. There is a fundamental conflict between a deregulatory labor-market philosophy and policies intending to use educational expansion to increase employment with higher productivity and wages. Education and…