In the last decades, developed economies have witnessed significant declines in wages for low-skill workers, increases in employment in high-skill occupations, rapid diffusion of new technology, and expanding offshoring opportunities. Labor markets in developed countries have reallocated labor from manual to cognitive jobs and from routine to…

Women play an increasingly important role in the labour market and as wage earners. Moreover, in many countries, young women have outperformed men in terms of educational attainment and qualification. Still, women's human capital investment does not pay off as it does for men as they are still significantly disadvantaged on the labour market.…

Disabled women suffer from a double labour discrimination due to their gender and their disability. In rural areas, in addition, they also suffer from a lack of specific services, the isolation of the disabled associations, problems with public transport, the dispersion of population centres, and a limited access to information that could improve…

All OECD governments want to give parents more choice in their work and family decisions. This book looks at the different ways in which governments support families. It seeks to provide answers to questions like: Is spending on family benefits going up, and how does it vary by the age of the child? Has the crisis affected public support for…

Focusing on dual-earner families, this study found that most working wives hold full-time jobs, are younger on average, better educated, and less likely to have preschool children than are wives who are not employed. An annotated bibliography on dual-career families is appended. (LRA)

Social and economic forces in the post-war era have lead to an increased commitment by women of all ages to the labor force. In contrast, the labor force participation rate for men has declined. With women's continued predominance in the service sector and jobs lost in the traditionally male manufacturing sector of the U.S. economy, men and women…

Women are being drawn into the labor force today by powerful economic, demographic, and social forces and far reaching attitudinal changes. Recognition of the reality that women must work, they want to work, and their labor is needed should help us institute policies that would bring about reforms in many areas of life. (Author/GC)

Between 1998-2008, women's participation in the labor force is expected to increase by 15 percent and men's, by 10 percent. Two views of growth occupations are those with the largest job growth and those with the fastest growth. Employment in professional specialty occupations will increase the fastest and add the most jobs. Much of this growth is…

Women returners now account for over one-third of the total labor force, but the British labor market remains strongly segregated by gender, with over 85 percent of all employed women in the service industries. A high proportion are employed part time. Despite a majority of women now returning to the labor market after breaks for childbirth and…

Social critics and the general public have for some time voiced a variety of concerns related to the increasing entrance of women into the paid labor market. A popular assumption has been that the children of working women are prone to criminal activity. The authors analyze data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), using multiple…

In 1996, the United States Congress passed the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, placing emphasis on individuals to take responsibility for separating themselves from governmental dependence by becoming economically self-sufficient through employment. Using a qualitative approach, this study explored the experiences…

A survey of postwar recessions shows that the increasing proportion of service sector jobs has moderated overall employment declines and that women in nontraditional jobs, Blacks, and youths bear a disproportionate share of job losses. (LRA)

A natural study was conducted to determine the effects of division of labor (level of socio-economic development), dependency, and mode of production on participation of women in the labor force. Participation of women in the labor force was operationalized by two indicators: (1) women as percentage of the total number of wage earners and salaried…

The relationship between training and the employment of women in the 12 countries of the European Union (EU) was examined. An analysis of the distribution of the female population by training levels revealed that women in the Netherlands, Germany, and Denmark generally had the highest overall levels of training, whereas women in Spain and Portugal…