Concludes that about half of racial differentials in earnings are due to current labor market discrimination, with the remainder due to past discrimination. (BH)

Analysis of data from the Current Population Survey identified primary and secondary labor market sectors, based on whether specific skills or prior training were conditions of employment. Results showed significant unexplained earnings differentials across sectors for four groups: Black men, White men, Black women, and White women. (Author/SK)

Due to lower rates of employment and other labor market difficulties, working-age persons with disabilities tend to have lower incomes and are more likely to live in poverty than persons without disabilities. Those with severe disabilities are more likely to be female, African American, older, and less educated than those without disabilities.…

Although college-educated Black women and White women have very similar earnings, substantial economic differences still exist between college-educated Black men and White men. (Author)

Analyzes the likely determinants of a trade union's policy regarding race and estimates the effect of the presence of unionism on the average wage of black workers relative to that of white workers under various types of union organizational structure. (RJ)

This study calculates the degree of substitutability between white and nonwhite labor within various occupational categories, in order to determine the extent of racial discrimination and to derive demand curves for nonwhite labor. The model developed in the study treats employer discrimination as a differential between total and money costs to…

A contextual analysis of individual labor earnings as a function of both background/investment variables and specific dimensions of areal labor market social and economic organization suggests specific factors which influence Black and White earning levels. (Author/EB)

The panoply of possible factors contributing to the observed earnings differences between blacks and whites exceeds current analytical abilities. Thus, this paper concentrates on a limited range of factors: skill differences among workers, geographic location (or labor market), and race. Skill differences are measured by schooling and experience…

During the 1990s, employment rates rose significantly for less-educated women but not less-educated men. This paper examines the situation of men age 18-24 who either lack a high school diploma or have no education beyond high school and are not institutionalized. It uses Current Population Survey employment figures to compare employment and…

Hypothesizes that the labor market recognizes differences in the educational quality and quantity of urban and suburban education and rewards young workers accordingly. Estimating earnings equations for African-American and white youths shows that attendance at a central city high school does, indeed, lower earnings between 4 and 10 percent. (12…

Data assembled from the sequence of Current Population Survey (CPS) tenure supplements for 1973, 1978, 1981, 1983, 1987, and 1991 were analyzed along with demographic characteristics and other variables available from the general CPS to identify changes in job retention rates in the United States throughout the 1980s. The analysis was based on…

Data from a survey of 800 employers were used to investigate the effects of employer skill needs on the wage levels and employment of newly hired workers, and especially on how these outcomes differ by race, gender, and educational group. Results showed that very few new jobs were available to workers who lacked credentials such as diplomas or…

This study, the third of three undertaken by the School of Business Leadership at the University of South Africa, involves an analysis of wage differentiation and occupational mobility at the microlevel among blacks in a number of South African companies. The report argues that the political, legal, economic and social factors which impinge on…

This report attempts to identify and analyze the causes of the differences between the earnings and employment of black males and white males. Although the earnings gap between black and white men was substantially reduced between 1940 and 1980, black men still earn less than white men. While the relative earnings of black men has risen since…

Inequalities among minorities in the labor market were examined. Minorities were classified according to persons of Spanish descent (Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and Cubans), Blacks, American Indians, Japanese, Chinese, and Filipinos. All persons 20 to 64 years of age, not enrolled in school and not living in group quarters, who were residents in 1970…