Utilizing the Survey of Adult Skills from the Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) and the OECD database, this study investigates the role of gender inequality and public social spending in the gender gap in Not in Employment, Education, or Training (NEET) risk across various age cohorts. The research identifies a…

We report the results of a survey applied to students and professionals in the area of physics in Brazil, pursuing to draw a portrait of the composition of this community in terms of the social markers of difference age, race, ethnicity, geographical origin, sex, gender, sexual orientation, and disabilities. The main goal was to quantify the…

Globalized labor markets confront many adults, both employed and unemployed, with demands arising from career uncertainty that have the potential to jeopardize their occupational planning. This article investigated how individuals in different regions of Germany, which are characterized by different economic opportunities, negotiate such demands…

The expansion of the higher education system and widening access to undergraduate study has led to growing diversity within the graduate labour supply, including increasing numbers who studied for their degrees as mature students. Analysis of graduates entering the labour market prior to the major expansion in the early 1990s indicated that those…

We use the 2003 National Survey of College Graduates to investigate earnings differentials between white and Asian American men. We extend prior literature by disaggregating Asian Americans by their immigration status in relation to the U.S. educational system, and by accounting for the effects of field of study and college type. Net of the latter…

All OECD governments want to give parents more choice in their work and family decisions. This book looks at the different ways in which governments support families. It seeks to provide answers to questions like: Is spending on family benefits going up, and how does it vary by the age of the child? Has the crisis affected public support for…

One of the challenges raised by proactive employment policies centres on redressing inequalities that are not solely of an economic nature, as others may also be added of a social and ethnic nature as well as personal, cultural and educational aspects. This article analyses the situation in which groups at risk of social exclusion find themselves…

This document provides an overview of the gender distribution of ICT and ICT-related employment in OECD countries, and ICT employment patterns are contrasted with overall employment to highlight differences. The authors discuss participation in ICT-related education and training, and differences in ICT access and use by gender. Overall,…

In this study, the occupational advancement of black and white workers of comparable ages is compared through longitudinal census data. Two specific hypotheses are tested which propose (1) large and systematic racial differentials exist in the effect of mobility on occupational advancement between firms; and (2) differentials in intrafirm…

Examination of age-specific state-level data from the 1977-1980 reports of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Census Bureau reveals that availability of employment produces strong effects on juvenile arrest rates. Unemployment and low quality of employment (e.g., inadequate pay and hours) is associated with high arrest rates. (Author/BJV)

Black workers have been moving up the occupational scale in recent years, away from the labor and service occupations and toward white-collar, craftsmen, and operative jobs. In 1960, two in every five black workers were in white-collar, craftsmen, or operative occupations. By 1970, more than half were in such jobs. These occupations are less…

There have been concerns that employment-enhancing reforms along the lines of the 1994 OECD Jobs Strategy could inadvertently lead to increased income inequality and poverty. This paper focuses on the impact of institutions and redistributive policies on inequality and poverty with the view of assessing whether a trade-off between better labour…

The gap between black and white median age, employment, and imprisonment is increasing. Up until the present period, structural, demographic, and cultural factors combined to sustain both hope and illusion for blacks who have so long been at the base of the American social and economic system. That combination is rapidly unravelling. (BJV)

This study examined some factors influencing college students' choice of field of study. A model of student choice of major focused on students' perceptions of labor market conditions, personality development, college campus experience of academic and social integration, and use of information available on campus was established. The issues…

About 2.7 of every 10 16- through 24-year-olds unemployed during March, 1979, were discharged from their last jobs. Regression analysis of data from the March, 1979, Current Population Survey revealed that 16- and 17 year-olds were more than twice as likely as 20- through 24-year-olds to have lost their last job; veterans were about 1.5 times as…