Despite the growing number of women in museums, the undervaluing of educational work traditionally associated with women, and labor largely done by women today, persists. This begs the question: in what "other" ways are women and femmes working in museums undermined despite their growing presence as workers and the emerging centrality of…

The science and engineering (S&E) labor force helps to create and advance our scientific and technological knowledge, transform these advances into goods and services, and fuel America's economy, security, and quality of life. This report details several aspects of the U.S. S&E workforce, including growth, demographic makeup, earnings, and…

During the past half-century, there has been a trend toward increasing the minimum age a child must reach before entering school in the United States. States have accomplished this by moving the school-entry cutoff date earlier in the school year. The evidence presented in this paper shows that these law changes increased human capital…

Many argue that childcare costs limit the labor supply of mothers, though existing evidence has been mixed. Using a child's eligibility for public kindergarten in a regression discontinuity instrumental variables framework, I estimate how use of a particular subsidy, public school, affects maternal labor supply. I find public school enrollment…

Obesity prevalence has doubled among adults and overweight has tripled among children since 1980. This article discusses behavioral approaches to the obesity epidemic, focusing on recent environmental changes, the resulting behaviors, and possible solutions. Over the last 4 decades, time spent in sedentary activities, the consumption of fast food,…

We use a difference-in-difference-in-difference estimator to compare changes in labor force participation, weeks, and hours of work associated with no-fault divorce laws, allowing for differential responses for married women with and without children. Although other research has found that the labor supply of women in general does not respond to…

In a look ahead at the 1995 labor force, all three projections--high, middle, and low--indicate that women will account for two-thirds of the growth, most of which will occur in the prime working-age group; the Black labor force will grow twice as fast as the White. (CT)

A summary of evidence from a study of payment structures in six industries in three local labor markets in the United Kingdom is used to show that the conditions under which labor is made available exert an influence on wages that is relatively independent of the skill, experience, and effort of the workers concerned. (Author/CT)

Reviews three U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics' labor force projections, each based on different assumptions. All show big increases in number of women entering job market, keen job competition for jobs among recent college graduates at least until 1985, and improving employment prospects for teenagers over the next five to ten years. (CSS)

Changes in the labor force include higher labor force participation rate for female college graduates, especially Black women; a majority of workers in managerial occupations are college graduates; advanced degrees are required more and more for professional status; more women are in nontraditional occupations; and there are high proportions of…

Correspondence theories imply that there are specific characteristics, behavioral traits, and skills that an economy requires of its workers. These economic needs determine what goes on in all other sectors of society, particularly in the school. The hidden curriculum is then differentiated by economic class and economic potential. (JN)

Suggests both the need and the methods for disaggregating the goal of full employment. Analyzes the categories of age, sex, race, and marital and economic status in determining the composition of unemployment. Stresses the need for measures that would reduce unacceptably high unemployment rates. Statistical tables examine the distribution of…

Despite the magnitude of changes in both female labor force participation and labor force attachment, research suggests that young women continue to make inappropriate decisions regarding investment in human capital, that is, education and work experience, given their probable work status later in life. (CT)

In 1996, the United States Congress passed the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act, placing emphasis on individuals to take responsibility for separating themselves from governmental dependence by becoming economically self-sufficient through employment. Using a qualitative approach, this study explored the experiences…

A loosely connected set of providers, clients, sponsors, and intermediaries make up the local markets referred to as the out-of-school-time (OST) field. This field and the actors in it have been evolving in response to shifts in the economy, the growing demand for services associated with increased numbers of working mothers in the labor force,…