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Direct linkPeguero, Anthony A.; Varela, Kay S.; Marchbanks, Miner P., III; Blake, Jamilia; Eason, John M. – Urban Education, 2021
There are racial/ethnic disparities associated with school punishment practices and academic progress. In addition, research suggests that urban schools have stricter school punishment practices and higher grade retention rates. What remains unknown, however, is the relationship between race/ethnicity, school punishment practices, and retention…
Descriptors: Punishment, Discipline, Racial Differences, Ethnicity
Peer reviewedPalladino, John – Urban Education, 1979
Using the Flanders model, compares verbal interaction patterns in 16 New York City classrooms to determine if these patterns vary according to the social class and racial composition of the student populations. (BE)
Descriptors: Classroom Communication, Grade 7, Intermediate Grades, Junior High Schools
