Responses from 141 of 218 cooperative education programs in Canadian universities indicated that only a small number of student placements were in unpaid or entrepreneurial positions; mandatory programs were more likely to allow unpaid and entrepreneurial co-ops; and most programs had policies and controls regarding entrepreneurship. (SK)

The evolution of Germany's dual apprenticeship system and the challenges now facing it were reviewed. The following topics were considered: (1) the progression from craft guilds to vocational training; (2) the history of Germany's dual apprenticeship system from its organization in the 1970s; (4) apprenticeship in the dual system; (3) Germany's…