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| African Languages | 2 |
| Intonation | 2 |
| Linguistic Theory | 2 |
| Phonetics | 2 |
| Tone Languages | 2 |
| Articulation (Speech) | 1 |
| Bilingualism | 1 |
| Consonants | 1 |
| Contrastive Linguistics | 1 |
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| York Papers in Linguistics | 1 |
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| Maddieson, Ian | 2 |
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| Journal Articles | 2 |
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Download full textMaddieson, Ian – 1974
This paper reviews the evidence that Proto-Niger-Congo was a tone language with only two level tones and seeks to find the evidence that will explain how some of the descendant languages have more than two tones. In particular it shows how synchronic tone rules in Cama and consonant correspondences between Cama and Yoruba suggest a new factor in…
Descriptors: African Languages, Articulation (Speech), Consonants, Contrastive Linguistics
Maddieson, Ian – York Papers in Linguistics, 1991
A study investigated the validity of three theories in predicting the structure of language tone systems containing level tones. The theories include the following: that (1) phonetic elements are arranged so they are maximally separated in a fixed phonetic space; (2) a system with a larger number of phonetic elements will use a larger phonetic…
Descriptors: African Languages, Bilingualism, Foreign Countries, Hausa
