This study examined the relationship between African American students' perceptions of differential treatment by teachers and educational outcomes, and the factors that promote these outcomes in the context of perceived discrimination, focusing on the protective value of youth's cultural heritage, as well as individual characteristics. The…

Using a realist grounded theory method, this study resulted in a theoretical model and 4 propositions. As displayed in the LINK model, the labeling practice is situated in and endorsed by a social context that carries explicit theory about and educational policies regarding the labels. Taking a developmental perspective, the labeling practice…

We implemented a sequential mixed methods design using parallel samples to answer our general research question: What are high school students' definitions of intelligence and implicit beliefs about the malleability of intelligence? We surveyed 9th and 11th grade students who responded to questions about their intelligence beliefs on open- and…