This study investigated learned helplessness (LH) experienced by male secondary students of the English language and examined the effects of a motivational program based on the L2 Motivational Self System (L2MSS). Primarily, we administered the Learned Helplessness Scale to 189 students in a public school in Tehran, along with the Student Behavior…

In all educational settings, teachers are likely to encounter learners with different emotional and cognitive characteristics, particularly learners who are demotivated or disengaged and as a result misbehave in the classroom. Learned helplessness (LH) is associated with such emotional and motivational deficits in academic performance. This study…

For students with physical and health disabilities, the development of self-advocacy skills is critical to their future success. Characteristics that may inhibit the development of self-advocacy skills in this population include reliance on others for assistance across multiple areas requiring physical abilities, deficits in communication skills,…

Notes that many practitioners underestimate the occurrence of childhood depression and explains what childhood depression is, what symptoms most often indicate it, why it occurs, and what teachers can do to help depressed children. (JC)

Not all children cope equally well with the stresses and traumas life throws their way, and every educator recognizes that "deer in the headlights" look some children get when current events and past traumas combine to trigger a fight-or-flight stress response. No matter how safe the classroom may be in reality, trauma deactivates cognitive…