Physical activity (PA) promotion is an ideal intervention target for public health because it has the potential to help individuals feel better, sleep better, and perform daily tasks more easily, in addition to providing disease prevention benefits. There is strong evidence that individual-level theory-based behavioral interventions are effective…

The authors conducted a systematic review of the literature, including studies that used a single-case design (SCD) and taught augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) use to adults with complex communication needs. The purpose of this review was to describe (a) adults receiving AAC intervention, (b) components of the interventions used,…

Echolalia, a language phenomenon whereby individuals imitate the speech of others, is commonly used by children and adults with autism. Research into the underlying nature and meanings associated with this repetitive behaviour is characterised by a lack of conceptual definitions and conflicting opinions about the functions of echolalia. A scoping…

Background: Vaccine misinformation has been widely spread on social media, but attempts to combat it have not taken advantage of the attributes of social media platforms for health education. Methods: The objective was to test the efficacy of moderated social media discussions about COVID-19 vaccines in private Facebook groups. Unvaccinated U.S.…

The use of speech-generating devices (SGD) in early interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can improve communication and spoken language outcomes. The purpose of this study was to describe children's responsiveness to SGD input modeled by a social partner during adult-child play interactions over a 24-week intervention…

The objective of this study was to provide initial validity evidence for responses to the newly developed Well-Being Actions Self-Efficacy (WBASE) scale from adults with obesity under an exploratory latent variable approach. Longitudinal data (N[subscript baseline] = 667 and N[subscript 30 days post-baseline] = 550) from the Well-Being and…

Sleep problems are one of the most common complaints in autistic adults. This study aimed to report the perspectives of autistic adults in the United Kingdom on treatment of their sleep problems. A total of 288 autistic adults living in the United Kingdom completed an online survey including assessments of their sleep quality using the Pittsburgh…

Epidemiological evidence links exposure to early life adversities--such as childhood maltreatment--with impaired health and well-being in adulthood. Since these effects are usually unrecognized or untreated in childhood, preventive and remediating interventions in adults are needed. Our focus on adulthood prompted three major questions. First,…

Background: Few cessation studies have examined their recruitment methods to determine the most effective methods for enrollment and retention. Purpose: Data from a randomized controlled trial of yoga for smoking cessation was used to evaluate recruitment methods (e.g., radio, referral) and their relationship to enrollment, participant…

Using all Arkansas correctional releases from 2005-2016 of adults who at intake lacked high school diplomas or GEDs, the authors examined how correctional education and its moderating factors affect recidivism (N = 32,174) and post-release employment (N = 40,667). Completion of GED and vocational programs were associated with financially viable…

Background: Physical exercise interacts with sleep quality, stress and life satisfaction. Purpose: The current study examined the effectiveness of regular aerobic walking on sleep quality, stress and life satisfaction and to explore the associations between lifestyle habits and sleep quality, stress and life satisfaction. Methods: A 12-week…

The persistence of disappointing employment outcomes for youth and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) indicates the importance of efforts to prepare them for the workplace. We conducted a systematic review of intervention/follow-up intervention studies on employment skills and outcomes for youth and adults with ASD. We reviewed 39 studies…

Life expectancy of adults with intellectual disabilities is lengthening toward that of adults without intellectual disabilities, but daily practice indicates that this aging is relatively often not a healthy aging compared with the general population. There is a lack of a concerted response to ensure that the best possible health and social care…

Purpose: Responding to social work's grand challenge of smart decarceration, this study investigated whether Family Centered Treatment (FCT), a home-based service for juvenile court-involved youth, is more effective than group care (GC) in reducing recidivism. Outcomes are juvenile readjudication and commitment to placement, and adult conviction…

Functional living skills are skills needed for being an independent individual in society. As individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) get older, the discrepancy between functional living skills of themselves and their peers increases. However, it is not known which type of intervention is more or less effective specifically for adolescent-…