Two alternative explanations for early defection of female counseling clients were tested. Greater satisfaction with nondirective interviewing by females more likely to defect was found, which favored the catharsis alternative. (Author)

Male college students were randomly assigned to one of two conditions of specific expectancy, in which they were told that they would find it either easy or difficult to self-disclose to a stranger interviewer. The JSDQ, scored for anticipated self-disclosure, but not for recalled self-disclosure, predicted observed performance. (Author)

This article describes a method that may be used in assisting counselor trainees in assessing and developing their counseling styles. The emphasis is away from indoctrination toward any one approach to counseling and toward facilitating the trainees' achievement of their own goals. (Author)

Subjects rated a counselor's performance on two videotapes which were identical except for the level of professional jargon employed by the counselor. Subjects were more likely to rate the counselor high if they were given the high-prestige introduction than if they received the low-prestige introduction. (Author)

Thirty male and 30 female undergraduates were tested in six groups of 10. Each subject completed the FIRO-B under three different instructional sets. The instructional sets were (a) "normal condition", (b) "fake good", and (c) "fake bad". The study revealed that the FIRO-B is susceptible to undetected faking. (Author)

Sexual attitudes and behaviors of a representative sample of single students at a California college were surveyed in spring 1972. Eighty-three percent of the males and 72 percent of the females reported premarital intercourse. This behavior is discussed in terms of its interpersonal context and the students' sexual attitudes. (Author)

Commuter students completed the Interpersonal Conflict Questionnaire which asked about four interactions involving hostility ranging from silent anger to physical violence. Results showed that intense episodes typically occurred longer ago, and most opponents were known for more than a year. Intense episodes were more likely to occur at one's own…

The interactions of 10-month-old infants and their mothers were observed using mathematical models of interaction which state that the child's behavior depends on recent characteristics of mother's behavior, and that the mother's behavior depends on recent characteristics of the child's. Therefore, changes in the intensity of the behavior of one…

The objective of two studies was to devise an assessment procedure for the evaluation of therapy with distressed marriages. An extension of behavior exchange theory was proposed to include phenomenological ratings by the couple of the intent of messages sent and the impact of messages received. Convergent criteria were used to select 14…

Despite its significance, the field of informal peer counseling remains relatively unexplored. This study focused on the therapeutic responses that laymen give to and desire from their peers. In two separate studies, S's indicated their reactions to scripts presented in booklets or on tapes. S's were instructed to respond to these scripts as if…

The influence of group size and training duration on the development of empathic understanding in beginning counseling procedures students was examined. Nine-five master's level students grouped into four groups representing long and short duration, large and small size, were evaluated on the basis of taped counseling sessions. A team of expert…

A sample of scientists and engineers participated in a study designed to assess moderating influences of facets of perceived cohesiveness and collaborative problem-solving on the task characteristics-individual performance relationship between task difficulty and individual performance. (Author)

Statements representing specific communication skills were derived from a review of the literature. Instruments were completed by 111 married couples. Scores on the Marital Adjustment Test were used to identify criterion groups as most satisfied and least satisfied. Findings suggest skills identified may be effective for marriage counselors.…

A sample of 72 Ss, of whom half were cognitively complex and half cognitively simple, made predictions about unknown relations in four-person social structures. Structures differed in the number of relations given. Cognitively simple Ss tended to make predictions based on consideration of fewer relations in the social structure. (Author)

The presented human sexuality theory argues that sex is highly pleasurable and therefore reinforcing; because it reinforces further contacts with partner, sexual involvement makes formation of stable bonds, love and eventually marriage likely. Data from large student ( N=668) and national (N=1613) samples generally support the theory. (Author)