The advantages and disadvantages of placing outside staff to represent international aid agencies in developing countries' service programs for blind persons are explored. Alternative models are offered, and sustainability through empowerment is presented as an approach to ensure long-term benefits from the services offered by the international…

The practical usefulness of H. S. Bhola's models for planned change is questioned through speculations on problems that would have arisen if the models had been applied in arranging an Inter-American Development Bank technical assistance project in Barbados. (PP)

Three models are described within a single theoretical framework for analyzing the functions of a technical advisor and the problems he may encounter in overseas development work: (1) client systems of the technical advisor and their interrelationships, (2) areas of interference in cross-cultural communication, and (3) roles of a technical…

The Action Training Model (ATM) was developed for the delivery of evaluation training to development workers in Kenya and Botswana and implemented under the aegis of the German Foundation for International Development. Training of evaluators is a challenge in any context, but in the Third World environment, evaluation training offers special…

H. S. Bhola's models for planned change can help those offering technical assistance to developing countries by: (1) helping structure the realities of the world they seek to change; (2) uncovering linkages; (3) anticipating problems; and (4) putting program actions into perspective. Activities of the German Foundation for International…

At the policy level, the World Bank and other aid agencies evidence a practical orientation, emphasizing problems described as solvable by expertise and improved use of capital. In reality, tension exists between educational planning based on positivistic, technical rationality and political interaction grounded in situational considerations. (JHZ)

This paper describes the progress achieved in the fields of vocational and management training as well as the contributions made by the technical services of the International Labor Office to the efforts of developing countries. The paper is organized in five sections. The first section describes cooperation between management training…

Inspiried by a United Nations effort to establish a worldwide university, the four and one-half year project carried out in Thy (Denmark) is explained in this final report, from its historical beginnings in 1973 to its official completion in 1978. Dedicated to the solution of problems which could be considered universal, the project goals are…

Human ecology and indispensable components of a quality system in vocational education are two operational frameworks that could help to facilitate cross-national cooperation in vocational education. As the exhaustion of natural resources is recognized as resulting partly from the dysfunctional behavior of people, human ecology becomes a necessary…