Discusses the stability of the three-electron bond from a thermodynamic and kinetic standpoint using molecular orbital theory. (MLH)

Discusses the fact that although most historians of science attribute the formulation of the law of conservation of matter in chemical reactions to Antoine Lavoisier at the end of the eighteenth century, several earlier researchers had already assumed this law in their work. These researchers include Joseph Black, Henry Cavendish, M. V. Lomonosov,…

Describes an undergraduate physical chemistry experiment in which an azeotropic mixture is studied using the vapor pressures of the components as functions of temperature and the azeotropic composition and temperature at one pressure. Discusses in detail the mathematical treatment of obtained thermodynamic data. (MLH)

Photographs of snow covered buildings are used to illustrate thermal radiation from various types of structures and the effect of insulation on heat loss. (CP)

Describes some activities for students in which the quantity of heat is measured in exercises that use inexpensive materials. (BR)

Describes an open-ended experiment involving a bioinorganic system that provides the student a direct link between thermodynamics and kinetics. It utilizes a rapid reaction technique and requires one to clearly understand the relationship of experimental observable (absorbance) to a mechanism. (GS)

Mechanical theories are presented in this unit of the Project Physics text for senior high students. Collisions, Newton's laws, isolated systems, and Leibniz' concept are discussed, leading to conservation of mass and momentum. Energy conservation is analyzed in terms of mechanical energy, heat energy, steam engines, Watt's engine, Joule's…

Suggests the use of a colorimeter in which heat produced is related to the amperage and voltage measured. In relating the quantities, a definition for voltage can be obtained. (CP)

Presents a detailed discussion of the "Drinking Duck" toy and its use to illustrate scientific and technical issues in thermodynamics. Numerous illustrations and equations are included. (MA)

Describes an experiment giving precise results of solubility as a thermodynamics property. (SL)

Discusses ten methods for measuring the thermal expansion of solids and the way in which the expansion coefficient relates to other properties of matter. (MLH)

Discusses the difficulty of explaining the concept of entropy, and provides exercises, experiments, and discussions concerning entropy. (MLH)

Illustrates the mathematical relationships between the enthalpy, free energy, and entropy of a chemical reaction using the first and second laws of thermodynamics. (MLH)