Children were pretested and assigned to one of three treatments: training with three dimensional manipulanda; the same program except that the instructional materials were line drawings; and a control. On the posttest, both experimental groups were significantly superior to control group. (Author)

Presents a checklist which can be used in the development of materials and activities to develop visual abilities; and includes a visual preference survey designed to provide data needed in responding to some of the checklist items, especially those related to learner abilities and preferences. (CMV)

Examines the use of pictures by different learners in different ways, and presents guidelines for using pictures in teaching culturally diverse children. The degree of complexity versus simplicity is discussed, the need for effective directional cues is emphasized, and depth and motion cues are described. (LRW)

Reports results of two studies using physics materials to determine the parameters of pictorial analogies in combination with expository text. Shows that pictorial analogies can improve learning significantly if they are designed properly and used together with the text. Concludes that the analogies should have high structural similarity between…

In a presentation at a symposium on educational media for teaching the deaf (1974), the author describes illustrations produced by the Pennsylvania School for the Deaf Instructional Materials Center to aid language and reading instruction. (LS)

The purpose of this study was to measure and analyze viewers' electroencephalographic reactions to motion and still pictures, and to increase knowledge on the differential impact of the two modes on brain wave production. Since beta brain wave indicates focused attention, an additional purpose was to determine whether the two media differed…

A survey of a range of introductory university level textbooks in the social sciences found little use of network diagrams (NDs), i.e., graphic representations of processes, organizations, systems, and mechanisms. NDs can be viewed as a text/picture hybrid medium with titles and captions serving to qualify and identify the meaning and status of…

The seven base units of the metric system, the two supplemental units, and a few of the most commonly used derived units are listed along with their symbols and, in most cases, suggestions for visual aids. (MN)

The potential instructional uses of three kinds of French signs are outlined, focusing on the signs' function as pointers. The signs include road signs that give directions, public interdiction and instruction signs, and advertising used in public places. Illustrations and sample exercises are included. (MSE)

THE DESIGN OF THIS STUDY WAS TO (1) DESCRIBE A WAY OF ANALYZING GRAPHIC OR PICTORIAL MATERIALS, (2) DESIGN SOME STIMULUS MATERIALS WITH THIS METHOD OF ANALYSIS IN MIND, AND (3) TEST SOME PREDICTIONS BASED ON IMPLICATIONS RELATED TO THE ANALYTICAL METHOD IN AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY. A SET OF GRAPHIC MATERIALS WAS ANALYZED AND DESCRIBED WITHIN A…

Evaluated were three printed instructional formats (narrative textbook, individualized materials, and pictorial display) used with 146 hearing impaired college students in two experiments. Ss in both experiments were divided into three groups, each group receiving one of the three formats. Ss were given a pretest of information comprehension and…

This study, designed to determine whether contextual organizers presented before prose passages can improve learning and retention among undergraduates with no prior knowledge of the subject, compared the effects of two types of organizers--images and their verbal equivalents--as well as organizers versus a control group. Twenty-five references…

The museum, unlike other educational systems, can rely on authentic objects, not words, as the chief educational tool. It is important to remember: to learn about objects can be educationally valid and interesting, but to learn from objects can stimulate even higher levels of learning. (Author/SJL)

A recent survey of 60 commercial computer assisted instruction (CAI) programs found that most of the programmed lessons used few or no graphics to communicate the main points. An Instructional Graphics Checklist was developed to reflect the research findings about the use of pictures in instruction and to serve as an informal evaluation instrument…

Subjects studied one of three maps varying in feature configuration and spatial distribution before reading or listening to a related story. There were no differences in recall due to mode of text presentation, but the type of map profoundly influenced recall from both the test and the map. (Author/GDC)