This essay examines the relationship of cognitive science, especially linguistics, to the development of the human mind, self, and intelligence. Linguistics is seen to contribute a complex computational ability to the sense of free will. Also considered as part of the integrated self are intuition, athletic intelligence, intellectual diversity,…

The role of creativity in personal growth is explored. A literature review and a survey of art students are reported, examining parallels between creativity, self-actualization, and the three-dimensional art experience. Responses are categorized and data analysis is presented. The most frequent residual effects were increased sense of openness and…

As "mind" is a cultural achievement, newborns enter the world without minds. Life experiences profoundly influence the mind. The social culture provides conditions for the growth of mind and the direction it takes. As informal education is inadequate to fill social needs or actualize children's potentialities, societies create schools. Since a…

The present report consists of two studies which were designed to determine (1) the differential effects of time spent in encounter groups on participants' responses to the POI, and (2) the degree to which changes are maintained. (Author)

This position paper challenges the counselor to demonstrate commitment to the needs of adolescent clients by providing them a pressure-free arena for self-exploration. The counselor must be different from others, by helping adolescents recognize and actualize their own wishes and values. (Author)

Shame becomes inevitably bound up with the process of identity formation. The experience of shame is a fundamental sense of being defective as a person, accompanied by fear of exposure and self-protective rage. The shame-inducing process involves one significant person breaking the interpersonal bridge with another. (Author)

In the field of adult education, self-esteem is a concept worthy of exploration, for it is a crucial component of much that happens in the educational setting. However, although many studies have explored self-esteem in children, little has been written about adult self-esteem. Self-esteem has been defined as a component of self and has many…

Shostrom (1971) has identified a type of marriage in which self-actualizing couples do not simply accept their socially defined roles, but instead develop personality traits and values that are consistent with their own psychological health and that of the couple relationship. Antill (1983) found evidence for the importance of high scores in…

Personal happiness and social cohesion depend on individuals' committing themselves to something larger than themselves--a cause, or the ideal of helping others. (JH)

The study compares technician work values with professionals, and, through a need-environment congruity model, identifies primary situational factors associated with their occupational roles. Three important concerns emerged--opportunities for: structure and feedback, job control, and personal growth and development. (Author/AJ)

This paper addresses the need for the modification of educational objectives and instructional methodology with a view toward responding to an uncertain future. Career guidance must find ways to assist individuals in the process of self-development and self-actualization. An effective career guidance program calls upon the school counselor to…

Based on a paper read to the 1967 meeting of the American Orthopsychiatry Association.

Women who are able to acknowledge their distinctive perceptions and to relate them to their lives are the ones most likely to expose the oppressiveness of a power-driven society. Nathaniel Hawthorne's fictional character, Hester Prynne ("The Scarlet Letter") illustrates a crucial theme: a woman's faculty for critical awareness and her ability to…