This annotated bibliography contains 247 citations of research-based literature on the use of wilderness for personal growth, therapy, education, and leadership development. The annotations are divided into 2 periods: 1995-2001 (60 citations) and prior to 1995 (187 citations). Within each period, the entries are categorized according to the principal research method used: experimental or quasi-experimental, comparative analysis, internal comparison, qualitative analysis, program evaluation or description, subjective evaluation, evaluation of research or knowledge, proposed model or explanation, reference books, and unable to identify. The entries were drawn from scientific journals, conference and workshop proceedings, published reports and monographs, books and book chapters, theses and dissertations, unpublished papers, and trade journals and popular magazines. A review of the materials shows that studies have focused on development of various aspects of self-concept and on development of appropriate and adaptive social skills. Many studies focused on recidivism in criminal behavior, but few addressed effects on substance abuse and dependence. In the later period, there was a growing trend toward examining effects on participants' lives after the experience. Other trends include a growing use of qualitative methodology, an increase in research published in peer-reviewed journals, and increased rigor in data sources and methodology. Few long-term studies were noted. Appendices contain a bibliography of 84 additional literature sources and an index. (Author/SV)