Explores relationship between recent policy reforms, targeting proposals, and a universal Social Security program. Explores principles that inform Social Security, concluding that treating benefits as taxable income and raising retirement age push at boundaries of universality without violating fundamental precepts of social insurance program. (BF)

By 1976-77 almost four million teachers and other school personnel belonged to teacher retirement systems or public employee retirement systems. To help laypersons better understand these systems, this report describes the institutional characteristics of public pension funds whose members include teachers and explains the concepts behind such…

This document is a report of statistical data on the characteristics of households and individuals receiving noncash benefits in 1984. The data were obtained from the March 1985 Current Population Survey (CPS) conducted by the Bureau of the Census. The report covers data on: The Food Stamp Program; the National School Lunch Program; public and…