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Pruneri, Fabio – Paedagogica Historica: International Journal of the History of Education, 2021
The term "toilet" conveys different meanings; it may be seen as an isolated place or a public service, a secluded and dirty area or a symbol of civilisation and progress. In the film "The Phantom of Liberty" (1974), Luis Buñuel presented a formally dressed social group gathering over a meal in toilets around a table, with the…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, School Buildings, Sanitary Facilities, Human Body
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Cliff, Ken; Millei, Zsuzsa – International Social Science Journal, 2011
In this article, the authors explore a vital, if rarely focused upon, space in early childhood settings (0-5 years): the bathroom. In bathrooms, more or less fundamental biological, self-care, and "civilising" (Elias 1978) processes are performed by children, such as those related to personal hygiene, the management of bodily discharges,…
Descriptors: Preschool Education, Foreign Countries, Hygiene, Sanitary Facilities