Urban-biased perspectives have distorted debates concerning agriculture in rural schools of less developed countries (LDCs). Pervasive measurement biases have rendered women's household labor invisible in LDCs and treated their vocational preparation as inconsequential. Early American land-grant college research, education, and extension services…

Educators are recognizing the importance of diverse out-of-school agencies and institutions in developing human resources and the close association between economic development and a multiplication of vocational specializations. This paper compares informal vocational education in developing countries with that of industrialized countries,…