The best way to define geography is to think of it as the study of processes as they operate over space and in place. The evolution of this definition is discussed, and examples of the way in which geographers have studied social change in U.S. cities are provided. (RM)

Neighborhood construction, new towns, and urban counterpulls are promising concepts to control haphazard urban growth, in its Phase III since the Industrial Revolution. Developing nations are facing all three phases simultaneously. Concern for the environment may lead us away from the historically conditioned separation of social costs from…