The author of this article asserts that a board without bylaws is like an invertebrate animal, lacking a backbone. A college or university's bylaws should be reviewed as least annually, because legal and other mandates for institutions are multiplying continually. It is wise to avoid any and all bylaws that are not imperative in favor of more…

Objective: The NBME Psychiatry Subject Examination (PSE) is used throughout North America to test MS-III end-of-clerkship knowledge; yet, literature on PSE preparatory methods remains sparse. This study assesses the effect of a curriculum intervention on NBME PSE scores. Method: An optional 1.5-hour review session and accompanying…

The authors--drawing on their varied experiences as authors and publishers of a journal and several book series--provide a historical review and consideration of peer review in publishing. They find that scholarly peer review, from the question of signed reviews to the practices of digital publications, is in the midst of change, but that at the…

"Updating Board Bylaws: A Guide for Colleges and Universities" represents the latest thinking on good governance in higher education by providing a concise deconstruction of the essential clauses in college, university, and system bylaws. Written by Robert O'Neil, former professor of law and president of the University of Wisconsin System and the…

This teaching paper utilizes the materials presented by Dr. Fabiato in his review article entitled "Calcium-induced release of calcium from the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum." In the review, supporting evidence of calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) is presented. Data concerning potential objections to the CICR theory are discussed as well. In…

Of the classic documents addressing issues in higher education, few have provoked as much commentary as the Yale Report of 1828--and perhaps fewer still have been subject to such undeserved infamy. Today, the document requires a thorough new reading. Since the late 1960s historians of higher education have been trying to overturn the traditional…

Explored the effect of different review opportunities on students' memory awareness and schematization. Findings for 88 college students in phase 1 and 140 in phase 2 show that students are more likely to shift from "remembering" to "learning" if they have the opportunity to review learning material regularly and in different…

The T-Note system is an easy way for students to take notes, is organized for effective review, and is adaptable because it provides a system for recording five types of information typically presented in the classroom. The student first divides a single loose-leaf notebook page vertically down the middle, and horizontally about one or two inches…

Interviewed students about their experiences preparing for final university examinations. Analyzed processes of learning used during review, and in particular, the ways in which understanding and memorizing were described. Found that one recurring aspect of the review process involved the creation of "knowledge objects"--tightly structured,…

Describes the effectiveness of grammar, punctuation, and spelling review sessions in improving journalism students' writing. (KS)

Investigated the effectiveness of H. Wainer's (1993) strategy for obtaining positively biased ability estimates when examinees can review and change answers on computerized adaptive tests. Results, based on simulation and testing data from 87 college students, show that the Wainer strategy sometimes yields inflated ability estimates and sometimes…

Investigated the effects of immediate and delayed review occasion and study materials (text, text plus outlines, and text plus graphic organizers) in two experiments involving 198 undergraduates. Delayed review facilitated performance for students who viewed text plus graphic organizers but not for those who viewed only text or text plus outlines.…

Taking account of crucial differences between the social environments of universities in Newman's time and in ours, this paper considers two key concepts in "The Idea of the University", the "philosophical" and the "liberal". It argues that, despite their merits, both concepts are beset by problems. And it suggests some lines of analysis, partly…

The benefit of note taking appeared to be derived from having an opportunity to subsequently review notes, and not from the act of note taking itself. Encoding differences as a function of note taking were minimal, while the external storage function assumed primary importance. (Author/BJG)

A good review session should prepare students for an exam: (1) academically, through a planned, comprehensive approach to the material; (2) physically, by encouraging them to relax; and (3) emotionally, because of the reassurance and perspective provided by the instructor. (MLW)