Mission College, in Santa Clara, California, is a single building. By providing less roof and wall surface but more area for students, the megastructure is expected to lower energy and maintenance costs. (Author/MLF)

As part of an overall energy management program, the central steam plant at the University of Connecticut at Storrs has a fuel contract method in which vendors bid on a specification based on heating value as opposed to just volume. (Author/MLF)

Recessed 25 feet below grade, the library at the Lawrence Institute of Technology has a garden area below the light well. A large atrium with four skylights above the library serves as a buffer zone and an informal gathering place. (Author/MLF)

Explains why a single-ply roofing system is the best choice for educational facilities. It discusses how single-ply roofing systems offer flexibility with ease of application; cause less disruption during installation; and are clean, safe, and energy efficient. (GR)

Examines the development of a campus energy-monitoring system and three energy strategies to help control energy costs in a deregulated environment. Strategies discussed involve purchasing off-campus electric energy, modifying power-plant technology, and considering third-party ownership of the power plant. (GR)

Examines the University of Michigan's (Ann Arbor) success with a six-year energy conservation program (The Energy Star Program) offered by the Environmental Protection Agency. Describes the program's components and areas of savings the university has achieved. (GR)

Explores roofing options that can help control energy costs through use of highly reflective roofing materials. Additionally discussed is the "Urban Heat Island" phenomenon created when several super-heated buildings are clustered in a small area. (GR)

A unique underground science center at Bluffton College, designed to save energy and preserve trees, rolling landscape, and other environmental features of the campus, is under construction in Bluffton, Ohio. (Author)

Energy conservation guides are suggested that will make it easier, and much less expensive, for schools and universities to cope with the fuel crisis. (Author/MLF)

Energy reduction measures recommended by the government have negligible cost to the school and provide considerable savings. (Author/MLF)

Natural light and low lighting levels with individual task level lamps contribute to a low energy use at the Sawyer Library. (Author/MLF)

Columbia University saves $47,000 a year by switching from conjunctional billing to coincident demand metering; and the reduction of nighttime lighting loads could produce an additional savings of $30,000 a year. (Author/MF)

Energy use is lowered in a new dormitory at Montclair State College (New Jersey). A five-story covered atrium reduces the exterior wall area, and inverted venetian blinds hung between the double glazed south windows reflect solar energy up to the concrete ceiling where it is stored until night. (Author/MLF)

Mobilizing the entire campus community is seen as one of the most difficult and challenging aspects of an energy management program, but it is the most important if the full potential of a program's efforts is realized. Incentive programs, student involvement, and transportation are discussed. (Author/MLW)

Universities and colleges have two major roles: to reduce their own energy consumption and costs, and to develop and test new energy options. Alternative energy sources considered include solar energy, wind power, biomass, hydropower, ocean energy, geothermal heat, coal, and nuclear energy. (MLW)