Gender differences in academic achievement of students in the medical school at the University of Michigan were investigated in this study. Observed achievement differences were attributed to gender differences in values which influence student motivation. Three hypotheses were tested: (1) that men place more importance on mastery-related issues,…

Examined whether popular self-report measures of depression could be distinguished from self-report measures of anxiety and social desirability response style. Correlation coefficients indicated strong relationships between measures of depression and anxiety. However, pairs of anxiety and depression measures correlated almost as strongly. All…

The Teenage Nonviolence Test (TNT) has previously been established as a generally reliable and valid measure of nonviolence in adolescents. This study examined the extent to which the TNT's reliability and validity could be extended to college students aged 18-22 years of age. Five of the six subscales of the TNT were found to be reliable. The…

Nonhandicapped undergraduates were questioned about their prior experiences with handicapped persons, length of that experience, and quality and type of the relationship. Length of contact with handicapped individuals was significantly correlated with perceived pleasantness of the relationship. Specific unidentified factors in affective tone may…

Subjects were given positive, negative, or neutral information concerning an attitudinal questionnaire. The positive information group obtained the lowest scores, followed by the negative information group, with the neutral information group obtaining the highest mean score. (Author/GK)

College students were tested on Hogan's Survey of Ethical Attitudes, Rest's Defining Issues Test, Collins' revision of Rotter's Internal-External Scale, and Snyder's Self-Monitoring Scale. Subjects who endorsed personal conscience showed greater maturity in moral reasoning. The subjects who advocated social responsibility tended to show more…

Undergraduate students in a college of education were administered the Minnesota Teacher Attitude Inventory under one of three conditions. Those given negative information about the inventory scored significantly higher than those given no information. Those given positive information were intermediate. (CTM)

Studied the structure and personality correlates of affect among predominantly Mexican university students using a list of Spanish affect terms and a Spanish translation of the Big Five personality dimensions. Results were compared with those from previous research in other countries. There was sufficient support for cross-cultural compatibility…

Two experiments investigated the effect of choice on cognitive and affective engagement during reading. Both experiments compared college students who either selected what they read or were assigned the same story without being allowed to choose. Discusses results and the need for a more explicit theory of choice. (Author/GCP)

Theories regarding expressions of hostility and anger, and expectations of success were tested with college students (174 females, 91 males). Significant gender differences were found in proneness for shame and guilt in females. Guilt-proness was negatively related to outward anger but positively related to anger control. Guilt-proness was also…

Examined attitudes toward marital rape-in particular, the impact of gender and fraternity/sorority membership on respondents' views regarding marital rape versus rape by a stranger, as well as feelings about actions that a victim of marital rape may take. While fraternity and nonfraternity men showed significant differences in responses, sorority…

Results are reported from 2 common measures of medical student attitudes toward older adults: Maxwell-Sullivan Attitude Survey (MSAS); and UCLA Geriatrics Attitude Survey (GAS), with students entering the University of South Carolina School of Medicine (USCSM) in the period 2000--2005. A reliability analysis incorporating item means, Cronbach's…

A pilot research project developed and tested an instrument to measure affective feelings about participating in task groups (grouphate) and to relate that instrument to what participants believed to be true about their group experiences. In 3 small group discussions, 15 members of an undergraduate research methods course identified…

The purpose of this study was to identify and measure the situational fears and anxieties held by participants before, during, and after participation in an outdoor program. Subjects in the study were college students with recreation and physical education majors, who were completing separate, but similar Outdoor Education Practicum (OEP) courses…

This study examined the internal factor structure of the Adolescent Individuation Measure (AIM), a 12-item index of adolescents' perceptions of connectedness and separateness with their parents. The AIM was administered to 3 independent samples totaling 378 undergraduate students, all white, middle-class, male and female from a small, private…