Although multicultural counseling has been a source of controversy, it has recently been recognized that counseling is really generic in nature, and therefore all counseling is multicultural. Thus, multiculturalism has joined the movement toward a universal system of counseling. (JPS)

Results of a survey of the world view of female white clients, white counselors, and Chinese international students showed significant differences. Income was a significant predictor of world views for clients, while age and marital status contributed strongly to those of counselors. Among the Chinese students, the Taiwanese and the Mainland…

Those who are considering a career in counseling face many questions. This book is designed to provide information and insight on the process and problems associated with development as a professional counselor. It is intended for those thinking about entering a counselor training program, students in training, and professionals who deal with the…

This case study contributes to the debate about professional education and the nature of complex interpersonal skills. Preservice training programs make certain assumptions about how students acquire practical knowledge and consequently about how such knowledge is best taught. Students form their own beliefs, which in turn exercise considerable…

Although self-disclosure is generally considered to be an essential ingredient of existential approaches to counseling, the concept itself is not well-defined and its effects on counseling process and outcome have not been clearly documented. This study examined the potential effects of self-disclosure in a clinical setting. Sixty male college…

Studies of the personality traits of counselors, particularly in relation to their sexuality, assumes that such traits are relevant to counselor effectiveness. To investigate the relationship between counselor effectiveness and sex role attitude, 66 counselor education students, 15 male and 51 female, aged 22-58, participated in individual…

Masculine pronouns are commonly used as gender-neutral terms to refer to persons of unspecified sex. To explore how preferences for professors and counselors was affected by the sexist or nonsexist nature of the language that they use, androgynous and sex role stereotyped male and female undergraduate students (N=68) read excerpts from four…

Since a 1970 study found differential mental health standards for men and women, studies evaluating the impact of such standards on psychotherapy treatment plans have been mixed. Two recent investigations were designed to correct for earlier problems in archival research, and a third was designed to correct for the analogue problem of using…

Examined relationship between counselor deliberate postural lean and communication of intensity, empathic understanding, respect, and genuineness. Used 12 male counselors under three postural lean conditions in counseling interaction with female clients. Making a required lean forward was associated with decreased facilitative levels and backward,…

Female college students (N=81) were led to believe either that a counselor would or would not self-disclose, or were given no expectation regarding self-disclosure. Subjects then listened to audiotapes in which counselor did or did not reveal personal information. Results showed that disclosing counselor was viewed more favorably than…

University counseling center clients read one of six counselor descriptions generated by crossing counselor gender with counselor sex roles (feminine, androgynous, and masculine), then rated their willingness to see the counselor for a variety of concerns. Feminine sex role was rated highest for personal concerns, masculine for assertiveness…

This study attempted to develop psychometric properties of the Sexual Orientation Counselor Competency Scale (SOCCS), an instrument used to assess the awareness, skills, and knowledge of counselors working with the lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) population. A sample of 287 undergraduates, master-level and doctoral-level students, and counseling…

Argues for using cultural brokers in the education of minorities, defining "broker" as someone who can straddle both cultures and manipulate cultural symbols and information. Suggests incorporating brokering internships into teacher training curricula, and describes a program describing a person for high risk, primarily Black, college…

Counselor predicate use similarity in a social psychological context was considered in a study involving 180 college students. Results failed to support the hypothesis that clients perceive counselors with similar predicate preferences as more attractive or that predicate similarity in natural language is too subtle to detect. (JAC)

Studied beginning counseling practicum students receiving supervision from advanced doctoral counseling students. Results indicated a positive relationship existed between trainees' perceptions of: supervisor characteristics, the therapeutic relationship, and satisfaction with supervision; but no significant relationship between ratings of…