Women born in 1935 went to college significantly less than their male counterparts and married women's labor force participation (LFP) averaged 40% between the ages of thirty and forty. The cohort born twenty years later behaved very differently. The education gender gap was eliminated and married women's LFP averaged 70% over the same ages. In…

To correct for sample selection bias problems, the authors present a mathematical model of decision-making and apply it to young women's decisions regarding college attendance or labor force participation. They find that the two decisions are strongly correlated and together affect the estimated rate of return on college education. (Author/RW)

The typical working woman is thought to make 60% of a man's wage, despite increased job skills. Facts prove this perception incorrect. Lack of progress is an artifact of changing labor market characteristics associated with the rapid growth in the numbers of women in the labor market. Low skills, low wage female entrants tend to hold down the…

This study was conducted to investigate the pay expectations of graduating seniors, and specifically, the relationship between gender and pay expectations for one's self and others. The main purpose of the study was to determine if women and men differed in their initial pay expectations. Surveys were received from 447 college seniors, including…

Wages and salaries are influenced by many factors, including the employer's perception of the productivity and the availability of workers with different levels of education. They are also affected by economic conditions in the industries that typically employ workers with different levels of education. The ratio of annual earnings of high school…

Explores how the post-bellum U.S. code of contract denied married women the right to own their labor and their wages. Maps the legal symmetry between slavery and marriage, contradicting contemporary ideologies that placed the right to work for wages as a cardinal freedom. Discusses "earnings" laws passed by state legislatures that…

This document presents a study that views working mothers as primary or co-equal earners, who need wages sufficient to support their families. The study hypothesized that the complex socioeconomic trends of the last two decades have had more of an impact on working mothers' wages than have their specific family relations. The study employed a…

This 1980 report describes the present status of Alaskan women in the labor force. Extensive use is made of results of the 1976 Survey of Income and Education, an expanded version of the ongoing population survey conducted by the United States Bureau of Census. These topics are covered: demography of Alaskan women, race, age, families, labor force…

Differences in levels and determinants of earnings for men and women college graduates are examined. Perspectives from human capital theory, research on the socioeconomic achievement process, and research on segmented labor markets are used to design models of the determination of earnings. Data are taken from the National Opinion Research Center…

This document contains 29 statistical tables grouped into five sections: "General Statistics,""Occupations and Earnings,""Earnings of Selected Professional Occupations,""Women and Higher Education," and "Family Income and Composition." Among the tables are those that show the following: (1) 1991 annual average U.S. civilian work force by…

This book contains 78 of the approximately 100 conference papers presented, in 6 categories: democracy and society, employment and earnings, family and work, poverty and income, health and well being, and miscellaneous, as well as 7 poster session presentations. Representative papers include the following: "Women's Business Ownership: A…

This publication contains three fact sheets on gender and employment statistics and their implications. The fact sheets are divided into two sections--statistics and implications. The statistics present the current situation of men and women workers as they relate to occupations, education, and earnings. The implications express suggestions for…

Wage analyses of several government surveys suggest that substantial, broad-based reductions in real wages occurred in the final years of the 1980s recovery. (Data sources are the hourly compensation data from the Employment Cost Index series and wage data from the Current Population Survey.) The wages of those who lost the most in the 1980s (high…