At the turn of the century approximately a thousand white Southern women braved the consternation of friends and sometimes family, and traveled hundreds of miles to attend the best Northern women's colleges for an education unavailable to them in the South. For many, the experience was revolutionary: they developed self-confidence, independence,…

This paper reports the results of a small-scale narrative study of men and women who grew up in mid-twentieth-century rural Wales, and their reminiscences regarding women and education. Although the dominant image of Wales during that era is that of a male-dominated society, all of our participants remembered influential independent women and…

A study of 3,284 married women hypothesizes that nontraditional working women are more likely to experience marital disruption than traditional working women. Number of hours of paid employment per week was negatively related to marital stability for women holding nontraditional gender ideologies but not for women with traditional views. (JPS)

Examines the relationship among the advertising industry, the actual "reality" of working women, and sociocultural constructions of female gender identity immediately before, during, and immediately following World War II. Finds that advertisers returned to prewar versions of social reality immediately after the war. (SR)

Students air their ambivalent views on male and female roles and sexual relationships in today's society. (PG)

Although historically the number of men in management has outnumbered women, the number of women is increasing. However, attitudes in general still presume that men are more competent for managerial roles than are women. The purpose of this study was to examine how business and management students view women's personal attributes for management;…

While American attitudes appear to be changing in the direction of increased acceptance of women's employment and men's involvement in parenting and homemaking, research on sex role attitudes has focused primarily on middle class Caucasian subjects, thereby neglecting the minority groups that make up American society. Chinese (N=69) and Japanese…

Examines multipurpose surveys of women students, conducted periodically over the past decade in several selective liberal-arts colleges. The surveys provide evidence that women students are projecting smaller families, seeking less traditional careers and endorsing more liberal views of women's roles than their predecessors. Implications for…

Administered the Attitude toward Working Mothers Scale to 526 graduate students. Findings demonstrated the reliability, validity and generalizability of the 32 item scale and suggested that the AWM Scale could be useful in research in maternal employment. (JAC)

Traces the role of women in the scientific community in the United States since the mid-nineteenth century. Specific concern is directed towards the education and career opportunities of female astronomers. (MA)

African American and white men's attitudes toward gender roles, changes in gender role attitude, and maternal and life course influences on gender role attitude are examined. Findings indicate that there are racial differences in attitude, that attitudes change over time, and that individual status and life course processes influence attitudes.…

Twenty-two short stories and seven novels, each with a woman journalist as a major character, were used in an analysis of the image of the woman journalist in four time periods (1890-1920, 1920-1940, 1940-1945, and 1945 to the present). The themes of the stories changed over time, often reflecting the prevailing cultural attitudes about working…

Examined family and career characteristics of 112 married women and men administrators. Data indicated that although women and men administrators reported using similar role-management strategies, women considered their careers to be significantly more time demanding. Women married younger, had fewer children, and earned less salary than male…

A review of the development of educational institutions in United States history reveals that coeducation has not been automatically a liberating experience for women and that access to professional education has not naturally placed women on a level with male professional peers. (Author/KM)

The author delineates several problems in dealing with sex discrimination among college administrators. (HMV)