Discusses a study designed to investigate the effects of a cross-cultural homestay program on students' attitudes and health. Available from: International Journal of Intercultural Relations, Transaction Periodicals Consortium, Rutgers-The State University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903. (MH)

Compares the ways in which five conversational constraints (clarity, effectiveness, perceived imposition, consideration for the other's feelings, and concern about self devaluation) are perceived across gender groups. Finds that participants' sex had no significant main effect on the perceived importance of all conversational constraints in any of…

Reports results of a study of the predictions that gender differences exist in the preference for a caring morality and will exist across cultures. Describes a scale developed to test the predictions. Reports that the predictions were confirmed with women from four cultures preferring a more caring morality. (DK)

Avoidance strategy use, techniques used to deal with unwelcome requests from others, has been found to vary along compliance and bilateral dimensions in intimate relationships. Examined avoidance strategy use among undergraduates from United States (U.S.) and Mexico. Found U.S. women used more nonverbal disapproval and voicing objections than did…

To determine if personality characteristics reflect influences of culture, while sex differences remain similar across cultures, 100 Indonesian and 100 American college students completed the Cattell Clinical Analysis Questionnaire, in the appropriate language. An analysis of the results showed that females in both cultures were higher than males…

This study reported data on American and British college student samples for the Psychoticism, Extraversion, and Neuroticism (PEN) Inventory. The pattern of significant intercorrelations tended to be in accord with previous work on prior related inventories. Similarities and differences among the sample descriptive statistics were discussed.…

Used latent means analysis in the framework of structural equation modeling to explore the factor structure and gender differences associated with the Personal Style Inventory (PSI; C. Robins and others, 1994) with 508 Korean undergraduates. Results support the cross-cultural stability of the PSI factor structure. Women had higher scores than men…

Examined stressors perceived by 34 Taiwanese graduate students in the United States and by 34 American graduate students and how Taiwanese students rated intensity of those stressors compared to ratings of U.S. graduate students. Found significant difference between groups, with Taiwanese students reporting significantly higher levels of stress in…

Examines cross-culturally the assertion that women have a special relationship with the environment and are more motivated than men to work for environmental sustainability. Explores the discourse on ecofeminism and evaluates alternative explanations of gender differences in environmental awareness. (CMK)

Leadership has been considered a personality trait, some specific type of behavior to be learned, or the result of a combination of circumstances. As a special instance of leadership, management style has suffered the same definitional problems, but lately it has been considered a complex phenomenon, with three basic elements: the leader, the…

In order to better understand and counsel Chinese students in the United States, the trait anxiety and test anxiety of 67 Chinese graduate students in education attending two universities in Taiwan were measured. Normative assessments for the total group showed that the sample fell within the normal range of U.S. students as defined in Test…

The results of this study, taken together and compared with data from previous studies, suggest that the locus of control variable may be tapping some basic psychological dimension common to both Chinese and American cultures. (Author/AM)

The findings from this study provide tentative evidence that the concept of internal-external control may be one psychological construct which is meaningful across cultures. (Author/AM)

Administered Expectations about Counseling-Brief form and Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans to 213 Mexican-American and 137 Anglo-American college students. Found no significant group effects when evaluating levels of acculturation, gender, and previous experience with counseling for their influence on expressed expectations in each…

Administered Suicide Opinion Questionnaire to 100 medical students from Japan and 100 medical students from the United States (80 percent males, 20 percent females). Found significant differences on Right to Die, Normality, and Aggression scales between Japanese and U.S. students, and significant gender differences on Religion and Impulsivity…