Counselor trainees rated an audiotaped and role-played intake interview of a female client whose sexual orientation was varied. Subtle forms of heterosexual bias were found through participants' ratings of an unidentifible client. When responding to the ambiguous condition involving the unidentifiable client, 83 percent of the participants assumed…

Discusses and demonstrates how supervisors of therapists can improve their understanding of gender-related communication problems and preferences by listening for the voices of both care and justice in counseling supervision. Advocates literary, deconstructionist method of analysis that can be used to teach therapists and supervisors to notice…

Discusses various types of gender bias in criteria and use of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised (DSM-III-R) by counselors. Provides recommendations for addressing such bias in counselor training. Contends that bias can be minimized to extent that counselors appreciate strengths and limitations of…

Responds to previous article by Twohey and Volker (1993) on gender equity in counselor supervision. Notes that Twohey and Volker's claim that differential use of voices of care and justice is gender related does not seem to have clear empirical support. Suggests need for more research evidence before approach advocated in previous article is given…

Responds to previous article by Twohey and Volker (1993) on gender equity in counselor supervision. Sees article as providing useful point of departure for discussing gender bias in supervision and for offering suggestions for supervisors. Discusses article in terms of underlying assumptions, moral development and reasoning, multiple perspectives,…

Examines counseling trainees' responses on free-response dependent measures to two client case vignettes for possible gender bias. Gender bias was found for clients, both women and men, who displayed nontraditional gender-role behavior. Suggests that gender bias continues to exist; increasing sophistication in both training and research is needed…

Practicum students estimated the utility of responses reflecting each of three power bases in facilitating behavior change in clients' presenting problems. Results indicated that students with less supervised experience preferred the legitimate and referent power bases. Neither gender nor type of presenting problem affected the students'…

Used a content analysis of audiotapes of clinical supervisory sessions to examine the effect of supervisee gender (N=20) on the influence strategies used in the clinical supervisory dyad. Results indicate male supervisees were asked for their opinions more than twice as often as female supervisees. Discusses implications for supervisors. (RJM)

Investigates perceptions of counselors-in-training (N=133) of Black, Hispanic, and White male and female adolescents facing a teen pregnancy. After viewing video vignettes, participants indicated that boys would be more encouraged to leave school and work than would girls. Girls were seen as having more control over pregnancy decisions compared to…

Discusses how cultural and gender biases in definitions of mental and emotional health and illness create critical issues for counseling research. Suggests that future research in counselor education and supervision cannot afford to uncritically accept these definitions and challenges researchers to develop more inclusive definitions. (Author/NB)

Students (N=70) viewed videotapes and evaluated a male and female presenter discussing sex fairness in counseling. The male presenter received higher ratings than the female. Rating differences were greatest for the female-related topic, but topics were not rated more important with a male presenter. (Author/RC)

Student counselors predicted sex-role behaviors of a hypothetical female or male client experiencing academic and personal difficulties. In general, student-counselor attitudes (liberal or moderate) toward sex roles influenced their predictions of client behavior in work and education roles but not in family roles. (Author)

To test a previous study on therapist bias and to investigate whether gender-role stereotypes continue to influence judgments of mental health workers, 55 Master's-level counselors-in-training, from 2 different programs, were administered questionnaires. Each item in the questionnaire was rated on a seven-point scale, with one pole being typically…

Result are summarized of a one-year pilot project to develop, implement and evaluate a paraprofessional counselor training model, which combines the psychology of women with basic helping skills. Supervised counseling experience gained through role playing and individual projects is also described. The goals of the program were to enable…

Effects of the sex of the counselor and of gender role orientation on client ratings of counselors-in-training were examined in a group (N=65) of graduate counselor trainees. An interaction between sex and gender role orientation was found for differences in clients' willingness to refer a friend to the counselor. Implications for training and…