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Peer reviewedDowning, John; Dalrymple-Alford, E. C. – Reading Research Quarterly, 1974
Descriptors: Analytical Criticism, Foreign Countries, Higher Education, International Programs
Download full textHolley, Charles D.; Dansereau, Donald F. – 1979
Four types of control groups are commonly used in cognitive manipulation studies: (1) no-treatment; (2) practice with own methods; (3) practice and training with competing treatments; and (4) practice and training with irrelevant treatments. There are problems associated with the use of each group as a baseline for identifying the "true"…
Descriptors: Analysis of Covariance, Cognitive Measurement, Control Groups, Educational Research
Bachman, Lyle F.; Palmer, Adrian S. – 1979
In a study designed to validate oral language proficiency tests, it is planned to administer a series of tests to 100 native Mandarin Chinese-speaking subjects (foreign students and their spouses). The tests will measure communicative competence in speaking (ability to speak, exhibiting control of linguistic, sociolinguistic, and pragmatic rules;…
Descriptors: Communicative Competence (Languages), English (Second Language), Evaluation Methods, Higher Education
