There is a definitive gender gap in institutions of higher education, with female students making up significant majorities of undergraduate enrollments nationally--more than 60% at many colleges and universities. In addition, U.S. Department of Education statistics show that male students (no matter their race or socioeconomic group) are less…

Gangestad and Snyder (1985) have proposed two types of personality variables: continuous variables (characteristics possessed to some degree by all individuals) and class variables (characteristics distributed into discrete classes). This study examined whether alcoholism could be classified as a class variable. Because a class variable will…

Studied personality correlates and psychodynamics of defensively high self-esteem in 40 male college students grouped according to clinician's ratings of defensiveness. Results supported the expectation of distinguishable configurations of characteristics and suggested high defensives tend to be more confident, ambitious, self-centered, and…

Research has indicated that alcohol consumption is strongly affected by situational factors, especially social factors. To explore the relevance to drinking of the need for social approval in social situations, 36 male college students were asked to predict how much they would drink in several situations varying in how certain they were of their…

Investigates the relationship of personality and past film viewing experiences to preferences for different degrees of graphic horror in film, and for female versus male victimization. Finds that the Machiavellian trait of deceit, past exposure to horror films, and, for male subjects only, the enjoyment of pornography were good predictors. (SR)

According to the abstinence violation effect, highly controlled drinkers tend to overindulge following an initial slip. To investigate this relapse model, 47 male college students, ranging in age from 21 to 46, were assigned either to an unrestrained or a restrained drinker group according to their scores on the Restrained Drinking Scale. Subjects…

No relationship was found between personality type similarity and relationship satisfaction in male college roommates. A sex difference in compatibility factors is suggested. (Author)

Sex role identity and personality characteristics were examined in 104 male college football players and police cadets by means of the Bem Sex Role Inventory and the California Psychological Inventory. No significant differences were found between these stereotypically "masculine" groups and normative samples of males. (CMG)

Undergraduate students (35 males and 195 females) completed a scale assessing cooperativeness and competitiveness. Results showed these traits to be orthogonal characteristics, rather than traits that fall on the ends of a single continuum. Both were shown to be relatively gender neutral. (SLD)

Explores self-reported psychological adjustment for congruent, incongruent, and moderately congruent employed male ministers. Results indicate that the three minister groups varied in psychological adjustment as assessed by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Scales. Congruent ministers tend to be psychologically healthier than…

Previous research suggesting that there may be some interpersonal characteristics of Type A individuals, such as dominance and forcefulness, that may be less facilitative of meaningful relationships has used subjects who were previously unacquainted with each other. This study investigated the perceptions others have of the interpersonal style and…

Type A individuals are characterized by a sense of urgency, hard-driving competitiveness, and hostility which are manifested in their attempts to establish and maintain control over personal and environmental events. In order to investigate conformity and interpersonal dominance in Type A personalities, 87 male college students completed the…

Gender role conflict exists when gender roles have negative impact or consequences on the self or others. To examine the degree to which college males reflect gender role conflict and strain and to determine whether men who describe themselves as instrumental (masculine), expressive (feminine), both instrumental and expressive (androgynous), or…

Rated the audio portions of videotaped segments of 32 dyadic interviews between A-type and B-type undergraduate males for accurate empathy using Truax's AE-Scale. Results indicated B-types elicited higher levels of empathy when they interacted with other B-types, while any dyad that contained an A-type resulted in less empathy. (JAC)

Examined the relationship between urinary hesitancy, body shyness, and scores from the California Psychological Inventory (CPI) of 90 male college students. Several CPI scales correlated with questionnaire measures of both hesitancy and body shyness. Results indicated that hesitancy was a common problem for these participants. (Author)