Examined the relationship between client adjustment and expectations regarding the outcome of therapy, and the nature of the relationship between expectancy and outcome in clients (N=110) at a university counseling center. Results showed no relationship between adjustment and expectancy but found a significant relationship between expectancy and…

Examined effects of preparer (leader versus other personnel) and modality (group versus individual) on expectations about therapy, anxiety, group and individual functioning, and leader functioning in group therapy preparation program. Findings from 32 graduate students revealed that preparation can have positive effect on clients' beliefs,…

Current theoretical approaches to understanding emotional difficulties are dominated by the medical model of mental illness, which assumes that emotional dysfunction can be viewed the same way as physical dysfunction. To examine the relationship between psychotherapy clients' beliefs about the medical model of psychotherapy and their behavior…

Confidentiality in psychotherapy has long been assumed. Recently, this confidentiality has been threatened by computer filing systems, the courts, and third party payers of client expenses. This study investigates client expectations of confidentiality and information subject to disclosure. Subjects (N=185) were undergraduate students who…

Examined the effect of high therapist disclosure on the willingness to disclose of high and low need for approval subjects (N=68), who listened to a recorded client-therapist interview. Results confirmed that subjects with a high need for approval expressed more willingness to disclose in the clear expectation condition. (Author/JAC)

Two experiments were conducted to isolate the trait-anxiety-reducing effects of transcendental meditation (TM) from expectation of relief and the concomitant ritual of sitting twice daily. The results strongly support the conclusion that the crucial therapeutic component of TM is not the TM exercise. (Author)

Although expectations about counseling and psychotherapy have much potential influence on the tendency of elderly persons to seek counseling and on their response to the counseling encounter, there is little research available to assist those providing psychological services to this population. Expectations about counseling among the elderly were…

Examines whether fear of therapy and psychological distress were predictive of help-seeking. A nonclinical student sample (n=263) completed measures of their treatment fears, expectations, anxiety, psychological distress and help-seeking likelihood. Concerns about image, stigma, coercion, and psychological distress were all related to help-seeking…

Knowledge about client expectations of counseling is important in its contribution to theory and practice, particularly for those ethnic and cultural populations presently underserved. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among acculturation and expectations about counseling in a majority (non-Hispanic) and minority…

Examined effects of role congruity between clients and therapists. Relatively maladjusted Black and White college students were exposed to role-preparation procedures before receiving therapy. Results suggested the feasibility and desirability of training clients for better participation in therapy. Suggests client-therapist racial differences may…

Training therapists effectively requires familiarizing them with the modal expectations that clients bring to the therapeutic encounter. Ways in which therapists can be apprised of clients' expectations of therapy are discussed. Accurate understanding of clients' attitudes permits development of appropriately focused therapy goals and is generally…

The national survey of full-time graduate social work students (N=687) examined student characteristics and practice orientations. Comparison of 1990 graduates with earlier cohorts suggests that, although students' personal characteristics have shifted, their motivations and goals are compatible with traditional social work functions. (Author/MLW)

Techniques for college teachers to use in managing student resistance to critical thinking include proactive strategies (creating a cooperative environment, establishing rapport, creating high expectations, and countering resistive behavior) and reactive strategies (avoiding personalization of resistance, inviting students to explore resistance,…