Communications technologies have been continuously integrated into learning and training environments which has revealed the need for a clear understanding of the process. The Community of Inquiry (COI) Theoretical Framework has a philosophical foundation which provides planned guidelines and principles to development useful learning environments…

Warns that counselors are sometimes disoriented by the massive variety of approaches to the helping process. Employs a developmental scheme outlined by William Perry in 1970 to interpret some of the typical cognitive transitions that can occur among counselor trainees who struggle with diversity. (Author/JAC)

Describes three issues central to the relationship between counseling and culture: the etic-emit distinction (studying culture on its own terms versus how it compares to others), the sociology of knowledge, and modernity. Emphasizes the importance of these concepts in counselor training programs. (LLL)