In the Manhart case, the Supreme Court ruled that it is unconstitutional for women to be required to make higher payments into a retirement fund than do men to receive the same benefits. A district judge ruled elsewhere that a plan calling for equal payments but reduced monthly benefits for women is constitutional. (IRT)

The 1978 amendments to the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) and their effect on college and university retirement practices are discussed. Lobbying efforts of higher education associations, an analysis of case law under ADEA prior to 1978 amendments, and major issues facing college counsel and administrators are reviewed. (MLW)

In enacting federal age discrimination legislation, Congress has not preempted the ability of the states to afford more protection to employees from forced retirement than the federal act provides. States with and without age discrimination laws and other sources of law are briefly discussed. (MLW)