A national survey of physiology, pharmacology, and surgery departments found that while laboratory exercises using animals are common, they are not universal, and that the widely available alternatives assume diverse forms, including films, computer models, lectures, readings, and clinical clerkships. (MSE)

Describes a program which simulates animal pharmacology experiments involving "all-or-none" responses. Use of the Applesoft BASIC program in the pharmacology teaching laboratory provides students with a rapid and economical way to gain experience in the design and statistical analysis of quantal dose-response experiments. Information on…

Computer models have definite limitations regarding the representation of biological systems, but they do have useful applications in reducing the number of animals used to study physiological systems, especially for educational purposes. This guide lists computer models that simulate living systems and can be used to demonstrate physiological,…