There are five basic ways of transferring science and technology to developing countries: voluntary expatriates ("brain drain"), expatriates on special missions to their home countries, personnel training in the developed country, importation of technology, and interinstitutional cooperation. Additional forms of interinstitutional cooperation…

Characteristic of contemporary knowledge is its exponential growth. The era of generalists is over, and what is needed is scientific literacy and an orientation toward solving real, not academic, problems. University-industry cooperation offers excellent opportunities for the development and transfer of new knowledge. (MSE)

The relationships between industry and higher education in Switzerland, involving two federal polytechnics and financed directly by the government, are described, including characteristics and intensity of the relationships, training, consultation and other services, exchange agreements, and the issue of patents. The two specific polytechnic…

Information presented on recent developments in the international recognition of academic credentials includes an overview of Canada's interuniversity programs for international development and summaries of regional committee meetings on international recognition in Europe, the Arab states, and the African states. (MSE)

Trends in cooperation between higher education institutions and industry are outlined, including incentives to schools and industry, mutually perceived barriers to more and better partnerships, and barriers as perceived separately by institutions and industry. Five specific recommendations for improving the relationships are provided. (MSE)