The background of Ph.D.s is tabulated to show the loss to the stock of university manpower of non-academic but educationally valuable experience through growing competition for jobs by Ph.D.s. The conclusion is that forces causing the Ph.D. displacement of labour in the university academic labour market should be constrained. (Editor/JT)

Austrian Ph.D.s in education were surveyed about their employment patterns. Half were in universities and teacher training; relatively new occupational fields (social work, special education, vocational training) employed few. Little unemployment was found, but about 20 percent were overqualified for their jobs. Suggestions for graduate curriculum…

A portion of a study of the impact of higher education on over-25-year-old students enrolling in higher education in Australia in 1978 is presented. It assessed the impact of the educational experience on personal development (including attitude and values changes), individual abilities, and leisure time and marital relations. (MSE)

Solutions to two problems in Philippine higher education and employment are proposed: for disciplines with too many graduates, overseas employment is recommended; for those with too few graduates, an incentive system tied to mandatory service is suggested. Problems and advantages of government regulation of labor supply and demand are discussed.…

Current social and economic problems in the United Kingdom are placed in the context of long-term trends in labor economics and the impact of new technology. The relationship of technological change and economic recovery is analyzed. Policy implications and the university's role are discussed. (MSE)

The growth in numbers of master's degrees in business administration is examined through data on sex, entry level employment patterns, and employer sponsorship. Reasons for differences in trends in the several variables are considered, and implications for development of the MBA market are discussed. (Author/MSE)

Analysis of 1978 occupational patterns of college graduates in Indonesia considers occupation type, government employment, pay level, degree, discipline, relevance of education to employment, and concentration of academic majors in certain occupations. No occupation was the preserve of any one subject. (MSE)

A study of the effects of Sweden's recent educational reforms on women found persistent educational and occupational segregation. It is suggested that the reforms were based on "rational efficiency" models that have little to do with how women make education and work decisions, and that equalization will not occur until reforms…

A study of the patterns of employment and graduate study of recent graduates of five northeastern Japanese universities found differences in the patterns of the three groups (engineers and scientists, teachers, and arts and sciences majors), between men and women, and between the oldest university and the others. (MSE)

A Canadian study examined the employment patterns of seven cohorts of faculty entering Canadian universities seven years after initial appointment. Results showed that a consistent and meaningful proportion of each cohort entered the tenure stream, accounting for half the faculty who remained in academe. Disadvantages to women and young academics…

A study of career paths of 436 men and 162 women faculty revealed that relatively fewer women than men held full-time positions 10 years after initial appointment or had advanced to a senior position. Due to enrollment trends and competition for promotion, the current imbalance is unlikely to change in the near future. (MSE)

The results of a study of patterns in the awarding of Indonesian higher education degrees are reported. The study looked at sex and age of graduates as it related to their type and level of degree, type of institution, area of study, and employment and promotion patterns. (Author/MSE)

A study compared employment patterns, working conditions, and workload among college and university faculty in Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, England, Japan, and the United States, based on data from an international faculty survey. Results indicate considerable differences across academic rank, particularly in the European countries. However,…