The study on which this article reports investigated the internationalisation of higher education studies by examining collaborations in the form of international co-authorships. We analyse how network-based mechanisms, related to structural relationship between authors (preferential attachment, i.e., higher tendency to collaborate among the most…

The Bologna Process is one of the major developments to have taken place in higher education in recent centuries. It has had an impact beyond European borders and repercussions in other parts of the world. Ibero-America has also sat up and taken note, even though scholars agree that there would be difficulties with its direct implementation in the…

A worldwide policy dilemma exists in graduate research training. Governments, industry, and students urge universities to take a vocationalist approach while those training the students retain the notion of doctoral study as preparation for a scholarly life and admission to the academic community. More effective policy coordination is necessary.…

Decline in research emphasis in universities is tied to a number of factors: defensive apathy in the university scientific community; weakening links between teaching and research; declining enrollments; problems in interdisciplinary work; employment stability and aging faculty, obsolete equipment, support staff reduction, and growing bureaucracy.…

Problems posed by university research are approached by looking at: traditional concepts of university research; trends in current university development in Europe; consequences of these trends and threats to the university; possible research policy; and university responsibility in carrying out research policy. (MSE)

The conceptual relationship of science policy and educational policy is examined and charted, and various models of this relationship are categorized. Policy goals are considered: national prestige, economic modernization, stabilization of economic development, socioecology, education consumer-hedonism, and external scientific development. (MSE)

Concerns about institutional autonomy, maintenance of institutional diversity, the internationalization of scientific research, and educational quality resulting from unification of the European Community are discussed from historical, political, market, and academic perspectives. (MSE)

The university's role in scientific research differs considerably in Europe and Latin America; the latter does not have the long academic tradition of the former. However, Latin America has much to offer in international scientific cooperation, which should be consolidated and expanded to benefit both communities. Tables detail cooperative…

The application of a theory combining research and teaching is examined as it has been applied in Poland, considering practical experience, policy issues, research funding, traditional university structure and attitudes, and administrative innovations such as the research institute. (MSE)

State support for university research in 15 European countries is outlined, and recent trends analyzed. A demoralization in the European university research community is noted, and the need for stability of research funding is emphasized. (MSE)

Scientific and technological research in Spain has been hindered more by lack of organization than by lack of funds. The 1983 Universty Reform Act to restructure the curriculum and improve research quality represents a major step in bringing Spanish research up to the levels of other modern university systems and to promote economic development.…

The relationship of the state and higher education, particularly in relation to the role of science education, is outlined throughout Austrian history. Conservative postwar reconstruction, expansion of access to higher education, and student participation in administration are traced, and criticisms of the present government-academic balance are…

The increase in student numbers, resulting adaptation of the curriculum, and changes in the profile of teacher-researchers in France from 1950 to 1980 suggest the need for changes in graduate study in the 1990s, including increased interdisciplinarity, development of discipline-based research centers, and improved industry-university cooperation.…