Using two early anatomical sketches, a woodcut, and a painting as visual examples, this article briefly traces the history of the relationship between artists and anatomists from early human times up through the late 1700s. Particular attention is paid to the career of Dr. William Hunter, the first person appointed as an anatomist at the Royal…

Examines the "picture study" movement which began in the late 1800s and faded during the 1920s. Focuses especially on the work of Oscar Neal, a leading picture study advocate. Attempts to show how the aesthetic theory, beliefs about art, social assumptions, educational limitations, educational beliefs, and technology of the time interacted to make…

Reviews the life of Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901) and examines how his early experiences influenced his art. (BSR)

The author describes the history, theories, and methods of the German institution called the Bauhaus, which he considers to be the basic influence on American studio art education in the last 50 years. (Author/SJL)

In order to understand the place of Herbert Read both in 20th century aesthetics and art education, one needs to carefully consider the entire field of English art and aesthetics from 1900 to the beginning of the Second World War. This time frame was dominated by the thoughts of Roger Fry and Clive Bell, and works both literary and visual, of the…

Describes European Viktor Lowenfeld's version of the visual-haptic theory. Recounts how Lowenfeld modified the theory while serving as a studio art teacher in a black U.S. college from 1939 to 1946. Compares Lowenfeld's European and U.S. transformations of the theory. (BSR)

This paper discusses the ideas of Conrad Fiedler, a 19th century German philosopher of art, concerning art criticism, or the judging of works of visual art. In addition to a brief biography of Conrad Fiedler, the paper's main subject is Fiedler's ideas on art criticism as expressed in his book "On Judging Works of Visual Art" (1876,…

Examines issues about the representation of children in art during the 18th and 19th centuries: (1) main representations during this period; (2) principal influences affecting the construction of these images; and (3) whether the verbal and visual arts conceptualize childhood in similar or different ways. Looks at three influences on writers and…

Learning to appreciate religious art and to understand the interdependence of history and art are basic to the foundations of culture. Students need to be exposed to the art of the diverse adherents of all major religions in order to understand the beliefs and practices of others. Students can examine religious art from ancient times, including…

Discusses philanthropy in three parts: (1) development of foundation philanthropy, (2) Andrew Carnegie's vision to "civilize" the United States, (3) historical background and purpose of the Minnesota Owatonna Project. Concludes by stating that there is nothing inherently good or evil about philanthropic bureaucracies, pointing out that…

This memoir describes August Fruge's 32 years as head of the University of California Press. Early chapters describe Berkeley, where the press is located, in the 1940s, conflicts with the Printing Department, the role of the faculty-run editorial committee, and setting new directions for the press. Three chapters describe looking for titles to…

Examines the social, ideological, and cultural forces in colonial United States when plaster casts of Grecian and Roman sculpture were introduced. Describes how they were used in U.S. public schools and art museums to transmit the cultural heritage at the end of the nineteenth century. (KM)

Describes the career of Scottish artist and art educator William Johnstone (1897-1981) and how his achievements, which are traced to 20th-century modernism, have influenced both art design and childrens' art education. Concludes that through Johnstone, progressivism in art and education converged, producing a model for creative expression in art…

Describes oral history interviews conducted with artists and writers involved in New Deal arts projects. Describes the collections, analyzing biases and selection factors. Examines participants' attitudes toward government sponsorship of the arts, finding general approval of government patronage. Suggests that these oral histories help document…